Abstract
Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is caused by different variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which emerged in December of 2019. COVID-19 pathogenesis is complex and involves a dysregulated renin angiotensin system. Severe courses of the disease are associated with a dysregulated immunological response known as cytokine storm. Many scientists have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 impacts oxidative homeostasis and stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, the virus inhibits glutathione (GSH) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-a major antioxidant which induces expression of protective proteins and prevents ROS damage. Furthermore, the virus stimulates NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes which play a significant role in inducing a cytokine storm. A variety of agents with antioxidant properties have shown beneficial effects in experimental and clinical studies of COVID-19. This review aims to present mechanisms of oxidative stress induced by SARS-CoV-2 and to discuss whether antioxidative drugs can counteract detrimental outcomes of a cytokine storm.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; antioxidants; cytokine storm; oxidative stress.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Cytokine storm, oxidative stress, antioxidants, 【초록키워드】 Cytokine storm, coronavirus, variant, oxygen, cytokine, drug, oxidative stress, outcome, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus, virus, antioxidant, Nrf2, Protein, COVID-19 pathogenesis, renin angiotensin system, Impact, Antioxidative, Clinical studies, antioxidants, ROS, Inflammasome, disease, expression, mechanism, homeostasis, reactive oxygen species, Protective, Immunological response, NLRP3, clinical study, angiotensin, detrimental, inflammasomes, protein 3, glutathione, GSH, acute respiratory syndrome, Renin, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, complex, coronavirus 2019 disease, nuclear, Effect, Prevent, oxidative, Course, shown, caused, addition, inhibit, the disease, variety, demonstrated, induce, dysregulated, stimulate, reactive oxygen specy, 【제목키워드】 balance, Disrupted,