Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), and the 2019 novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Currently, there is no analyzed data to examine the outbreak of COVID-19 by continent and no determination of prevalence trends; this article reviews COVID-19 epidemiology and immunology. Original research, reviews, governmental databases, and treatment guidelines are analyzed to present the epidemiology and immunology of COVID-19. Reports from patients who were COVID-19 infected showed typical symptoms of neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and increased systemic inflammatory proteins of IL-6 and C reactive protein (CRP). These observations agree with the results of severe conditions of MERS or lethal cases of SARS, in which there is an increased presence of neutrophils and macrophages in the airways. Additionally, analyzed data showed that Europe (49.37%), the Americas (27.4%), and Eastern Mediterranean (10.07%) had the most cumulative total per 100,000 population confirmed cases, and Africa (6.9%), Western Pacific (3.46%), and South-East Asia (2.72%) had the lowest cumulative total per 100,000 population confirmed cases. In general, the trend lines showed that the number of confirmed cases (cumulative total) and deaths (cumulative total) would decrease eventually.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, immunology, Coronaviruses, Epidemiology, COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019, ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, SARS-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome, MIP, macrophage inflammatory protein, SARS, Severe acute respiratory syndrome, MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome, WHO, World Health Organization, ADE, Antibody-dependent enhancement, HLH, Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, PRRs, Pattern Recognition Receptors, IP-10, interferon gamma-induced protein 10, MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PHEIC, Public Health Emergency of International Concern, RIG-I, Retinoic acid-inducible gene I, CXCL10, C-X-C motif chemokine 10, CRP, C reactive protein, TLR-3, Toll-like receptors 3, MDA5, Melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5, FcγR, Fcγ receptors,