Abstract
Of all known airborne diseases in the twenty-first century, coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has the highest infection and death rate. Over the past few decades, animal origin viral diseases, notably those of bats-linked, have increased many folds in humans with cross-species transmissions noted and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the importance of understanding the evolution of natural hosts in response to viral pathogens. Cross-species transmissions are possible due to the possession of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in animals. ACE2 recognition by SARS-CoV-2 is a critical determinant of the host range, interspecies transmission, and viral pathogenesis. Thus, the phenomenon of breaking the cross-species barrier is mainly associated with mutations in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein that interacts with ACE2. In this review, we raise the issue of cross-species transmission based on sequence alignment of S protein. Based on previous reports and our observations, we can conclude that the occurrence of one of two mutations D614G or Y453F is sufficient for infection of minks by SARS-CoV-2 from humans. Unfortunately, D614G is observed in the world’s most common line of virus B.1.1.7 and the latest SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.617.1, B.1.617.2, and B.1.617.3 too.
Keywords: Coronavirus; Cross-species infection; Minks; SARS-CoV-2; Spike protein.
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, spike protein., Cross-species infection, Minks, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, coronavirus disease, Evolution, ACE2, Mutation, S protein, spike, COVID-19 pandemic, Human, viral pathogenesis, SARS-CoV-2 variant, Infection, B.1.617.2, Transmission, virus, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, variants, Spike protein, Protein, Receptor-binding domain, B.1.1.7, animals, RBD, Y453F, humans, B.1.617.1, D614G, host range, Pathogens, receptor, disease, Critical, Viral diseases, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, Sequence alignment, angiotensin, Cross-species transmission, death rate, phenomenon, sequence, issue, viral pathogens, possession, over, Host, raise, Occurrence, highest, interact, the receptor-binding domain, 【제목키워드】 SARS-COV-2 infection, susceptibility,