Abstract
Background: Treatment decisions for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) depend on disease severity, but the prescribing pattern by severity and drivers of therapeutic choices remain unclear.
Objectives: The objectives of the study were to evaluate pharmacological treatment patterns by COVID-19 severity and identify the determinants of prescribing for COVID-19.
Methods: Using electronic health record data from a large Massachusetts-based healthcare system, we identified all patients aged ≥ 18 years hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from 1 March to 24 May, 2020. We defined five levels of COVID-19 severity at hospital admission: (1) hospitalized but not requiring supplemental oxygen; (2-4) hospitalized and requiring oxygen ≤ 2, 3-4, and ≥ 5 L per minute, respectively; and (5) intubated or admitted to an intensive care unit. We assessed the medications used to treat COVID-19 or as supportive care during hospitalization.
Results: Among 2821 patients hospitalized for COVID-19, we found inpatient mortality increased by severity from 5% for level 1 to 23% for level 5. As compared to patients with severity level 1, those with severity level 5 were 3.53 times (95% confidence interval 2.73-4.57) more likely to receive a medication used to treat COVID-19. Other predictors of treatment were fever, low oxygen saturation, presence of co-morbidities, and elevated inflammatory biomarkers. The use of most COVID-19 relevant medications has dropped substantially while the use of remdesivir and therapeutic anticoagulants has increased over the study period.
Conclusions: Careful consideration of disease severity and other determinants of COVID-19 drug use is necessary for appropriate conduct and interpretation of non-randomized studies evaluating outcomes of COVID-19 treatments.
【초록키워드】 COVID-19, Treatment, coronavirus disease, Coronavirus disease 2019, Hospitalized, Mortality, intensive care, Hospitalization, severity, disease severity, hospital, intensive care unit, COVID-19 severity, Remdesivir, oxygen, outcome, medications, COVID-19 treatments, Electronic health record, oxygen saturation, Health, Fever, therapeutic, Patient, Interpretation, Hospital admission, predictor, determinants, medication, Other, co-morbidities, inflammatory biomarkers, Anticoagulant, supportive care, Healthcare system, pharmacological treatment, level 1, determinant, supplemental oxygen, health record, Drivers, Intubated, 95% confidence interval, Laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, minute, study period, morbidities, treat, laboratory-confirmed, non-randomized studies, FIVE, defined, identify, evaluate, elevated, receive, driver, dropped, non-randomized study, patients hospitalized, 【제목키워드】 pharmacotherapy, pattern,