[저자] Luis A Herrera, Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda, Nancy Reynoso-Noverón, Abelardo A Meneses-García, Alfredo Mendoza-Vargas, Juan P Reyes-Grajeda, Felipe Vadillo-Ortega, Alberto Cedro-Tanda, Fernando Peñaloza, Emmanuel Frías-Jimenez, Cristian Arriaga-Canon, Rosaura Ruiz, Ofelia Angulo, Imelda López-Villaseñor, Carlos Amador-Bedolla, Diana Vilar-Compte, Patricia Cornejo, Mireya Cisneros-Villanueva, Eduardo Hurtado-Cordova, Mariana Cendejas-Orozco, José S Hernández-Morales, Bernardo Moreno, Irwin A Hernández-Cruz, César A Herrera, Francisco García, Miguel A González-Woge, Paulina Munguía-Garza, Fernando Luna-Maldonado, Antonia Sánchez-Vizcarra, Vincent G Osnaya, Nelly Medina-Molotla, Yair Alfaro-Mora, Rodrigo E Cáceres-Gutiérrez, Laura Tolentino-García, Patricia Rosas-Escobar, Sergio A Román-González, Marco A Escobar-Arrazola, Julio C Canseco-Méndez, Diana R Ortiz-Soriano, Julieta Domínguez-Ortiz, Ana D González-Barrera, Diana I Aparicio-Bautista, Armando Cruz-Rangel, Ana Paula Alarcón-Zendejas, Laura Contreras-Espinosa, Rodrigo González, Lissania Guerra-Calderas, Marco A Meraz-Rodríguez, Michel Montalvo-Casimiro, Rogelio Montiel-Manríquez, Karla Torres-Arciga, Daniela Venegas, Vasti Juárez-González, Xiadani Guajardo-Barreto, Verónica Monroy-Martínez, Daniel Guillén, Jacquelina Fernández, Juliana Herrera, Renato León-Rodriguez, Israel Canela-Pérez, Blanca H Ruíz-Ordaz, Rafael Valdez-Vazquez, Jennifer Bertin-Montoya, María Niembro-Ortega, Liudmila Villegas-Acosta, Daniela López-Castillo, Andrea Soriano-Ríos, Michael Gastelum-Ramos, Tonatiuh Zamora-Barandas, Jorge Morales-Baez, María García-Rodríguez, Mariano García-Martínez, Erik Nieto-Patlán, Maricarmen Quirasco-Baruch, Irma López-Martínez, Ernesto Ramírez-Gonzalez, Hiram Olivera-Díaz, Noe Escobar-Escamilla
[Category] SARS, 치료기술,
[Article Type] Article
[Source] PMC
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of saliva sampling as a non-invasive and safer tool to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and to compare its reproducibility and sensitivity with nasopharyngeal swab samples (NPS). The use of sample pools was also investigated.
Methods: A total of 2107 paired samples were collected from asymptomatic healthcare and office workers in Mexico City. Sixty of these samples were also analyzed in two other independent laboratories for concordance analysis. Sample processing and analysis of virus genetic material were performed according to standard protocols described elsewhere. A pooling analysis was performed by analyzing the saliva pool and the individual pool components.
Results: The concordance between NPS and saliva results was 95.2% (kappa 0.727, p = 0.0001) and 97.9% without considering inconclusive results (kappa 0.852, p = 0.0001). Saliva had a lower number of inconclusive results than NPS (0.9% vs 1.9%). Furthermore, saliva showed a significantly higher concentration of both total RNA and viral copies than NPS. Comparison of our results with those of the other two laboratories showed 100% and 97% concordance. Saliva samples are stable without the use of any preservative, and a positive SARS-CoV-2 sample can be detected 5, 10, and 15 days after collection when the sample is stored at 4 °C.
Conclusions: The study results indicate that saliva is as effective as NPS for the identification of SARS-CoV-2-infected asymptomatic patients. Sample pooling facilitates the analysis of a larger number of samples, with the benefit of cost reduction.
Keywords: COVID-19; Diagnostic test; Pooling strategy; SARS-CoV-2; Saliva testing.
All Keywords
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, diagnostic test, Pooling strategy, Saliva testing, 【초록키워드】 Saliva, coronavirus, protocol, feasibility, diagnostic test, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus, virus, Laboratory, Nasopharyngeal swab, sensitivity, Concordance, Asymptomatic, healthcare, pooling, asymptomatic patients, saliva sample, Nasopharyngeal swab samples, Concentration, Analysis, Mexico City, reduction, Non-invasive, acute respiratory syndrome, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, components, concordance analysis, saliva samples, total RNA, reproducibility, positive, nasopharyngeal swab sample, genetic material, NPs, Inconclusive, effective, benefit, independent, described, analyzed, performed, detect, collected, Sample, investigated, was performed, facilitate, significantly higher,
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{{ 목적: }} 이 연구의 목적은 중증급성호흡기증후군 코로나바이러스 2(SARS-CoV-2)를 검출하기 위한 비침습적이고 안전한 도구로서 타액 샘플링의 타당성을 조사하고 재현성과 민감도를 비교하는 것이었습니다. 비인두 면봉 샘플(NPS). 샘플 풀의 사용도 조사되었습니다.
{{ 방법: }} 멕시코시티의 무증상 의료인과 사무직 종사자로부터 총 2107개의 쌍을 이루는 샘플을 수집했습니다. 이 샘플 중 60개는 일치 분석을 위해 두 개의 다른 독립 실험실에서도 분석되었습니다. 바이러스 유전 물질의 샘플 처리 및 분석은 다른 곳에서 설명된 표준 프로토콜에 따라 수행되었습니다. 타액 풀과 개별 풀 성분을 분석하여 풀링 분석을 수행했습니다.
{{ 결과: }} NPS와 타액 결과 간의 일치도는 95.2%(kappa 0.727, p = 0.0001), 결정적이지 않은 결과를 고려하지 않은 경우 97.9%(kappa 0.852, p = 0.0001)였습니다. 타액은 NPS(0.9% 대 1.9%)보다 결정적이지 않은 결과가 더 적었습니다. 또한, 타액은 NPS보다 총 RNA 및 바이러스 사본 모두에서 유의하게 높은 농도를 나타냈다. 우리의 결과를 다른 두 실험실의 결과와 비교하면 100%와 97% 일치를 보였습니다. 타액 검체는 방부제를 사용하지 않아도 안정적이며, SARS-CoV-2 검체 양성은 검체 채취 후 4°C 보관 시 채취 후 5일, 10일, 15일 후에 검출할 수 있습니다.
{{ 결론: }} 연구 결과는 타액이 SARS-CoV-2 감염 무증상 환자 식별에 NPS만큼 효과적임을 나타냅니다. 샘플 풀링은 비용 절감의 이점과 함께 더 많은 샘플의 분석을 용이하게 합니다.
{{ 키워드: }} 코로나19; 진단 검사; 풀링 전략; 사스 코로나바이러스 2; 타액 검사.