In the last few months, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected millions of people worldwide and has provoked an exceptional effort from the scientific community to understand the disease. Clinical evidence suggests that severe COVID-19 is associated with both dysregulation of damage tolerance caused by pulmonary immunopathology and high viral load. In this review article, we describe and discuss clinical studies that show advances in the understanding of mild and severe illness and we highlight major points that are critical for improving the comprehension of different clinical outcomes. The understanding of pulmonary immunopathology will contribute to the identification of biomarkers in an attempt to classify mild, moderate, severe and critical COVID-19 illness. The interface of pulmonary immunopathology and the identification of biomarkers are critical for the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed to reduce the systemic and pulmonary hyperinflammation in severe COVID-19.
【저자키워드】 Coronavirus disease 2019, peripheral immune response, pulmonary inflammation, lung immunopathology, damage tolerance, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, coronavirus disease, Tolerance, Coronavirus disease 2019, pandemic, Biomarker, Biomarkers, severe COVID-19, clinical outcomes, Viral, Viral load, clinical, hyperinflammation, Clinical studies, Mild, Scientific community, Critical, moderate, therapeutic strategy, interface, clinical study, Evidence, dysregulation, high viral load, COVID-19 illness, effort, clinical evidence, comprehension, pulmonary immunopathology, highlight, affected, caused, the disease, contribute, reduce, exceptional, 【제목키워드】 pulmonary, systemic, complexity,