Abstract
COVID-19 is a global pandemic triggered by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The SARS-CoV-2 entry point involves the interaction with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, CD147, and erythrocyte Band3 protein. Hemolytic anemia has been linked to COVID-19 through induction of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) caused by the formation of autoantibodies (auto-Abs) or directly through CD147 or erythrocyte Band3 protein-mediated erythrocyte injury. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive view of the potential mechanisms contributing to hemolytic anemia during the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Taken together, data discussed here highlight that SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to hemolytic anemia directly through cytopathic injury or indirectly through induction of auto-Abs. Thus, as SARS-CoV-2-induced hemolytic anemia is increasingly associated with COVID-19, early detection and management of this condition may prevent the poor prognostic outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, since hemolytic exacerbations may occur upon medicines for COVID-19 treatment and anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, continued monitoring for complications is also required. Given that, intelligent nanosystems offer tools for broad-spectrum testing and early diagnosis of the infection, even at point-of-care sites.
Keywords: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2., autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 【초록키워드】 Treatment, SARS-CoV-2, Anemia, ACE2, SARS-COV-2 infection, Infection, outcome, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, CD147, global pandemic, COVID-19 treatment, Medicine, Severe acute respiratory syndrome, Protein, early diagnosis, point-of-care, autoantibodies, management, Early detection, Complication, Autoimmune, receptor, prognostic, COVID-19 patients, anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, Interaction, angiotensin, Injury, autoantibody, hemolytic anemia, Medicines, potential mechanism, SARS-CoV-2 entry, auto-Abs, potential mechanisms, hemolytic, offer, comprehensive view, erythrocyte, cytopathic, Prevent, highlight, caused, required, occur, contributing to, triggered, increasingly, the SARS-CoV-2, with COVID-19, 【제목키워드】 Anemia, hemolytic,