[저자] Konstantinos N Fountoulakis, Grigorios Karakatsoulis, Seri Abraham, Kristina Adorjan, Helal Uddin Ahmed, Renato D Alarcón, Kiyomi Arai, Sani Salihu Auwal, Michael Berk, Sarah Bjedov, Julio Bobes, Teresa Bobes-Bascaran, Julie Bourgin-Duchesnay, Cristina Ana Bredicean, Laurynas Bukelskis, Akaki Burkadze, Indira Indiana Cabrera Abud, Ruby Castilla-Puentes, Marcelo Cetkovich, Hector Colon-Rivera, Ricardo Corral, Carla Cortez-Vergara, Piirika Crepin, Domenico De Berardis, Sergio Zamora Delgado, David De Lucena, Avinash De Sousa, Ramona Di Stefano, Seetal Dodd, Livia Priyanka Elek, Anna Elissa, Berta Erdelyi-Hamza, Gamze Erzin, Martin J Etchevers, Peter Falkai, Adriana Farcas, Ilya Fedotov, Viktoriia Filatova, Nikolaos K Fountoulakis, Iryna Frankova, Francesco Franza, Pedro Frias, Tatiana Galako, Cristian J Garay, Leticia Garcia-Álvarez, Maria Paz García-Portilla, Xenia Gonda, Tomasz M Gondek, Daniela Morera González, Hilary Gould, Paolo Grandinetti, Arturo Grau, Violeta Groudeva, Michal Hagin, Takayuki Harada, M Tasdik Hasan, Nurul Azreen Hashim, Jan Hilbig, Sahadat Hossain, Rossitza Iakimova, Mona Ibrahim, Felicia Iftene, Yulia Ignatenko, Matias Irarrazaval, Zaliha Ismail, Jamila Ismayilova, Asaf Jacobs, Miro Jakovljević, Nenad Jakšić, Afzal Javed, Helin Yilmaz Kafali, Sagar Karia, Olga Kazakova, Doaa Khalifa, Olena Khaustova, Steve Koh, Svetlana Kopishinskaia, Korneliia Kosenko, Sotirios A Koupidis, Illes Kovacs, Barbara Kulig, Alisha Lalljee, Justine Liewig, Abdul Majid, Evgeniia Malashonkova, Khamelia Malik, Najma Iqbal Malik, Gulay Mammadzada, Bilvesh Mandalia, Donatella Marazziti, Darko Marčinko, Stephanie Martinez, Eimantas Matiekus, Gabriela Mejia, Roha Saeed Memon, Xarah Elenne Meza Martínez, Dalia Mickevičiūtė, Roumen Milev, Muftau Mohammed, Alejandro Molina-López, Petr Morozov, Nuru Suleiman Muhammad, Filip Mustač, Mika S Naor, Amira Nassieb, Alvydas Navickas, Tarek Okasha, Milena Pandova, Anca-Livia Panfil, Liliya Panteleeva, Ion Papava, Mikaella E Patsali, Alexey Pavlichenko, Bojana Pejuskovic, Mariana Pinto Da Costa, Mikhail Popkov, Dina Popovic, Nor Jannah Nasution Raduan, Francisca Vargas Ramírez, Elmars Rancans, Salmi Razali, Federico Rebok, Anna Rewekant, Elena Ninoska Reyes Flores, María Teresa Rivera-Encinas, Pilar Saiz, Manuel Sánchez de Carmona, David Saucedo Martínez, Jo Anne Saw, Görkem Saygili, Patricia Schneidereit, Bhumika Shah, Tomohiro Shirasaka, Ketevan Silagadze, Satti Sitanggang, Oleg Skugarevsky, Anna Spikina, Sridevi Sira Mahalingappa, Maria Stoyanova, Anna Szczegielniak, Simona Claudia Tamasan, Giuseppe Tavormina, Maurilio Giuseppe Maria Tavormina, Pavlos N Theodorakis, Mauricio Tohen, Eva Maria Tsapakis, Dina Tukhvatullina, Irfan Ullah, Ratnaraj Vaidya, Johann M Vega-Dienstmaier, Jelena Vrublevska, Olivera Vukovic, Olga Vysotska, Natalia Widiasih, Anna Yashikhina, Panagiotis E Prezerakos, Daria Smirnova
[Category] SARS, 치료기술,
[Article Type] Article
[Source] PMC
Abstract
Introduction: There are few published empirical data on the effects of COVID-19 on mental health, and until now, there is no large international study.
Material and methods: During the COVID-19 pandemic, an online questionnaire gathered data from 55,589 participants from 40 countries (64.85% females aged 35.80 ± 13.61; 34.05% males aged 34.90±13.29 and 1.10% other aged 31.64±13.15). Distress and probable depression were identified with the use of a previously developed cut-off and algorithm respectively.
Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics were calculated. Chi-square tests, multiple forward stepwise linear regression analyses and Factorial Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tested relations among variables.
Results: Probable depression was detected in 17.80% and distress in 16.71%. A significant percentage reported a deterioration in mental state, family dynamics and everyday lifestyle. Persons with a history of mental disorders had higher rates of current depression (31.82% vs. 13.07%). At least half of participants were accepting (at least to a moderate degree) a non-bizarre conspiracy. The highest Relative Risk (RR) to develop depression was associated with history of Bipolar disorder and self-harm/attempts (RR = 5.88). Suicidality was not increased in persons without a history of any mental disorder. Based on these results a model was developed.
Conclusions: The final model revealed multiple vulnerabilities and an interplay leading from simple anxiety to probable depression and suicidality through distress. This could be of practical utility since many of these factors are modifiable. Future research and interventions should specifically focus on them.
Keywords: Anxiety; COVID-19; Conspiracy theories; Depression; Mental disorders; Mental health; Psychiatry; Suicidality.
All Keywords
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, Anxiety, Depression, mental health, Mental Disorders, psychiatry, Conspiracy theories, Suicidality., 【초록키워드】 mental health, COVID-19 pandemic, Intervention, Relative risk, Mental Disorders, Mental disorder, psychiatry, Deterioration, International, Algorithm, male, female, Research, Bipolar disorder, utility, moderate, questionnaire, self-harm, distress, statistical analysis, chi-square tests, not increased, Suicidality, Factor, Descriptive statistics, participant, Final, variance, relative, ANOVA, material, disorder, cut-off, bipolar, Chi-square, Future, Effect, Mental, country, highest, tested, develop, reported, calculated, linear regression analysis, Person, variables, 【제목키워드】 International, General population, Result,
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{{ 서론: }} COVID-19가 정신 건강에 미치는 영향에 대해 발표된 실증 데이터는 거의 없으며 지금까지 대규모 국제 연구는 없습니다.
{{ 자료 및 방법: }} 코로나19 팬데믹 기간 동안 온라인 설문조사는 40개국 55,589명의 참가자로부터 데이터를 수집했습니다(64.85% 여성 35.80±13.61세, 34.05% 남성 34.90±13.29세, 1.10.6% 기타 34.90±13.29세) ). 조난 및 가능한 우울증은 각각 이전에 개발된 컷오프 및 알고리즘을 사용하여 식별되었습니다.
{{ 통계 분석: }} 기술 통계가 계산되었습니다. 카이제곱 검정, 다중 전진 단계적 선형 회귀 분석 및 분산 요인 분석(ANOVA)은 변수 간의 관계를 테스트했습니다.
{{ 결과: }} 우울증 가능성이 17.80%, 고통이 16.71%에서 감지되었습니다. 상당한 비율이 정신 상태, 가족 역학 및 일상 생활 방식의 악화를 보고했습니다. 정신 장애의 병력이 있는 사람은 현재 우울증의 비율이 더 높았습니다(31.82% 대 13.07%). 참가자의 적어도 절반은 기괴하지 않은 음모를 (적어도 보통 정도) 수락했습니다. 우울증 발병에 대한 가장 높은 상대 위험도(RR)는 양극성 장애의 병력 및 자해/시도와 관련이 있었습니다(RR = 5.88). 정신 장애의 병력이 없는 사람에서는 자살률이 증가하지 않았습니다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 모델이 개발되었습니다.
{{ 결론: }} 최종 모델은 단순한 불안에서 우울증과 고통을 통한 자살까지 이르는 여러 취약점과 상호작용을 보여주었습니다. 이러한 요소 중 많은 부분이 수정 가능하기 때문에 이것은 실용적인 유용성이 있을 수 있습니다. 미래의 연구와 개입은 특히 그들에 초점을 맞춰야 합니다.
{{ 키워드: }} 불안; 코로나바이러스감염증-19 : 코로나19; 음모 이론; 우울증; 정신 질환; 정신 건강; 정신과; 자살.