Lymph node–targeting adjuvant AMP-CpG enhances SARS-CoV-2 RBD vaccine-induced cellular and humoral immune responses. The profound consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mandate urgent development of effective vaccines. Here, we evaluated an Amphiphile (AMP) vaccine adjuvant, AMP-CpG, composed of diacyl lipid–modified CpG, admixed with the SARS-CoV-2 Spike-2 receptor binding domain protein as a candidate vaccine (ELI-005) in mice. AMP modification efficiently delivers CpG to lymph nodes, where innate and adaptive immune responses are generated. Compared to alum, immunization with AMP-CpG induced >25-fold higher antigen-specific T cells that produced multiple T helper 1 (T H 1) cytokines and trafficked into lung parenchyma. Antibody responses favored T H 1 isotypes (IgG2c and IgG3) and potently neutralized Spike-2-ACE2 receptor binding, with titers 265-fold higher than natural convalescent patient COVID-19 responses; T cell and antibody responses were maintained despite 10-fold dose reduction in Spike antigen. Both cellular and humoral immune responses were preserved in aged mice. These advantages merit clinical translation to SARS-CoV-2 and other protein subunit vaccines.
【초록키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccine, coronavirus, Cytokines, spike, translation, T cells, Antibody Response, cytokine, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus, immunization, Receptor binding domain, Antigen, Protein, T cell, Antibody responses, mice, immune responses, IgG3, humoral immune response, Adaptive immune response, respiratory, humoral immune responses, lymph nodes, convalescent patient, CpG, cellular, Receptor binding, lung parenchyma, Lymph node, alum, titers, SARS-CoV-2 RBD, antigen-specific T cell, T helper, acute respiratory syndrome, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, isotype, Effective vaccines, candidate vaccine, Protein subunit vaccines, Modification, lymph, amphiphile, consequence, dose reduction, isotypes, neutralized, ENhance, ACE2 receptor binding, produced, composed, evaluated, preserved, the SARS-CoV-2, 【제목키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, Vaccine, Humoral immunity, cellular, induce,