The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2, which is the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is of great global public health concern. The outbreak of COVID-19 is wreaking havoc worldwide due to inadequate risk assessment regarding the urgency of the situation. The COVID-19 pandemic has entered a dangerous new phase. When compared with SARS and MERS, COVID-19 has spread more rapidly, due to increased globalization and adaptation of the virus in every environment. Slowing the spread of the COVID-19 cases will significantly reduce the strain on the healthcare system of the country by limiting the number of people who are severely sick by COVID-19 and need hospital care. Hence, the recent outburst of COVID-19 highlights an urgent need for therapeutics targeting SARS-CoV-2. Here, we have discussed the structure of virus; varying symptoms among COVID-19, SARS, MERS and common flu; the probable mechanism behind the infection and its immune response. Further, the current treatment options, drugs available, ongoing trials and recent diagnostics for COVID-19 have been discussed. We suggest traditional Indian medicinal plants as possible novel therapeutic approaches, exclusively targeting SARS-CoV-2 and its pathways. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019, HIV, Human immunodeficiency virus, ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, HCoV, human coronavirus, MHV, mouse hepatitis virus, RBD, receptor binding domain, ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome, SARS, Severe acute respiratory syndrome, mechanism of action, Therapeutic approach, MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome, RBM, receptor binding motif, WHO, World Health Organization, CNS, Central Nervous System, FDA, Food and Drug Administration, SARS-COV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, ORF, open reading frame, RNA, Ribonucleic acid, ER, endoplasmic reticulum, ROS, reactive oxygen species, ADAM17, ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17, NIH, National Institutes of Health, RdRp, RNA dependent RNA polymerase, indian traditional medicine, mRNA, messenger RNA, TM, transmembrane, PHEV, porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus, PHEIC, Public Health Emergency of International Concern, ExoN, exoribonuclease, TRS, transcriptional regulatory sequence, MCP-1, monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, ASC, Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD, NLRP3, nod-like receptor protein 3, ACE2-Fc, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 Fc, FP, internal fusion protein, JAK-STAT, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription, JNK, c-Jun N- terminal kinase, NF-kB, Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells, RCT, randomized controlled treatment, RTC, replicase-transcriptase complex, TMPRSS11a, Transmembrane serine protease 11a, TNFβ, Tumor necrosis factor β, TRAF3, TNF receptor associated factor 3,