Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are two common betacoronaviruses, which are still causing transmission among the human population worldwide. The major difference between the two coronaviruses is that MERS-CoV is now causing sporadic transmission worldwide, whereas SARS-CoV-2 is causing a pandemic outbreak globally. Currently, different guidelines and reports have highlighted several diagnostic methods and approaches which could be used to screen and confirm MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections. These methods include clinical evaluation, laboratory diagnosis (nucleic acid-based test, protein-based test, or viral culture), and radiological diagnosis. With the presence of these different diagnostic approaches, it could cause a dilemma to the clinicians and diagnostic laboratories in selecting the best diagnostic strategies to confirm MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Therefore, this review aims to provide an up-to-date comparison of the advantages and limitations of different diagnostic approaches in detecting MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections. This review could provide insights for clinicians and scientists in detecting MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections to help combat the transmission of these coronaviruses.
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, HIV, Human immunodeficiency virus, Diagnosis, MERS-CoV, Laboratory, clinical, VOC, variants of concern, ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, RSV, respiratory syncytial virus, RdRp, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, RBD, receptor binding domain, SARS, Severe acute respiratory syndrome, CRISPR, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, VOI, variant of interest, VUM, variant under monitoring, MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome, PCR, polymerase chain reaction, WHO, World Health Organization, CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CT, Computed tomography, ICU, Intensive care unit, DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid, CoV, coronavirus, FDA, Food and Drug Administration, ORF, open reading frame, RNA, Ribonucleic acid, COVID-19, Coronavirus disease of 2019, LAMP, Loop-mediated isothermal amplification, NSP, Non-structural Proteins, EUA, Emergency Use Authorization, radiological, FIPV, feline infectious peritonitis virus, RFLP, restriction fragment length polymorphism, TCID, Tissue Culture Infectious Dose, ALI, Acute Lung Injury, BSL, biosafety level, NP, nucleocapsid protein, SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism, LoD, limit of detection, dPCR, digital polymerase chain reaction, MS, mass spectrometry, Hel, helicase, VOHC, Variant of High Consequence, WGS, Whole-genome sequencing, CXR, chest radiography, PFU, Plaque forming units, acpcPNA, pyrrolidinyl peptide nucleic acid, ASO, Antisense oligonucleotides, ddNTPs, dideoxynucleotide triphosphates, EIA, Enzyme immunoassay, IFA, Immunofluorescence assay, LOQ, Limit of quantification, MALDI-TOF, MassARRAY matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight, MN, Microneutralisation, RAD, Rapid antigen test, POCT, Point of care testing, ppNT, Pseudoparticle neutralization test, PRNT, Plaque reduction neutralization test, qPCR, Quantitative or real-time polymerase chain reaction, qRT-PCR, Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, RT-iiPCR, Reverse transcription-insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction, RT-RPA, Reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification, TRPMSS2, Type II transmembrane serine protease, upE, Regions upstream of gene E, OSN-qRT-PCR, One-step single-tube nested (OSN)-qRT-PCR, 5’-UTR, 5’-untranslated region,