COVID-19 has remained an uncontained, worldwide pandemic. While battling for the disease in China, six Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) recipes have been shown to be remarkably effective for treating patients with COVID-19. The present review discusses principles of TCM in curing infectious disease, and clinical evidence and mechanisms of the 6 most effective TCM recipes used in treating COVID-19 in 92% of all of the confirmed cases in China. Applications of TCM and specific recipes in the treatment of other viral infections, such as those caused by SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, influenza A virus (including H1N1 and H7N9), influenza B, dengue virus as well as Ebola virus, are also discussed. Among the 6 TCM recipes, Jinhua Qinggan (JHQG) granules and Lianhua Qingwen (LHQW) capsules are recommended during medical observation; Lung Cleansing and Detoxifying Decoction (LCDD) is recommended for the treatment of both severe and non-severe patients; Xuanfeibaidu (XFBD) granules are recommended for treating moderate cases; while Huashibaidu (HSBD) and Xuebijing (XBJ) have been used in managing severe cases effectively. The common components and the active ingredients of the six TCM recipes have been summarized to reveal most promising drug candidates. The potential molecular mechanisms of the active ingredients in the six TCM recipes that target ACE2, 3CL pro and IL-6, revealed by molecular biological studies and/or network pharmacology prediction/molecular docking analysis/visualization analysis, are fully discussed. Therefore, further investigation of these TCM recipes may be of high translational value in enabling novel targeted therapies for COVID-19, potentially via purification and characterization of the active ingredients in the effective TCM recipes.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019, SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, viral infections, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), ACE2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2, ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome, Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), WHO, World Health Organization, ICU, Intensive care unit, CRP, C-reactive protein, WBC, White blood cell, TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha, ESR, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, COVID, Coronavirus Disease, MAPK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase, Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, ROS, reactive oxygen species, IFN-γ, interferon gamma, IP-10, interferon gamma-induced protein 10, COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2, CASP3, caspase 3, CT, Computerized Tomography, IL-6, Interleukin-6, Akt, protein kinase B, KEGG, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, EGFR, Epidermal growth factor receptor, TCM, traditional Chinese medicine, GO, Gene ontology, MCP-1, monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, RCT, Randomized controlled trial, CCL2, C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2, PPI, Protein-Protein Interaction, PCT, procalcitonin, JHQG, Jinhua Qinggan Granules, Jinhua Qinggan granules (JHQG), Lianhua Qingwen capsules (LHQW), Lung Cleansing and Detoxifying Decoction (LCDD), Xuanfeibaidu granules (XFBD), Huashibaidu granules (HSBD), Xuebijing (XBJ), Coronavirus 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), 3CLpro, Coronavirus 3-chymotrypsin-like protease, AGE-RAGE, Advanced glycation end products-Receptor for AGE, BCL2, B-cell lymphoma 2, CVA, cough variant asthma, DAVID, Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery, HIF-1, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1, HNF4A, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha, HSBD, Huashibaidu granules, HSP90AA1, Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha, HSP90AB1, Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta, HXZQ, Huoxiang Zhengqi dropping pills, IC50, 50% inhibitory concentration, LCDD, Lung Cleansing and Detoxifying Decoction, LHQW, Lianhua Qingwen capsules, miRNAs, micro RNAs, NCOA2, Nuclear receptor coactivator 2, NFkB, Nuclear factor kappa B, NOS2, Nitric Oxide Synthase 2 (inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase/iNOS), PPARG, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, PTGS1, Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1, PTGS2, Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, SIRS, systematic inflammatory response syndrome, SOCS1, suppressor of cytokine signaling 1, S protein, SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein, TCMID, Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database, TFs, transcription factors, TP53, Tumor protein p53, UPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS, Ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detector and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, XBJ, Xuebijing, XFBD, Xuanfeibaidu granules,