Objectives This study sought to explore the spectrum of cardiac abnormalities in student athletes who returned to university campus in July 2020 with uncomplicated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Background There is limited information on cardiovascular involvement in young individuals with mild or asymptomatic COVID-19. Methods Screening echocardiograms were performed in 54 consecutive student athletes (mean age 19 years; 85% male) who had positive results of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction nasal swab testing of the upper respiratory tract or immunoglobulin G antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2. Sequential cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 48 (89%) subjects. Results A total of 16 (30%) athletes were asymptomatic, whereas 36 (66%) and 2 (4%) athletes reported mild and moderate COVID-19 related symptoms, respectively. For the 48 athletes completing both imaging studies, abnormal findings were identified in 27 (56.3%) individuals. This included 19 (39.5%) athletes with pericardial late enhancements with associated pericardial effusion. Of the individuals with pericardial enhancements, 6 (12.5%) had reduced global longitudinal strain and/or an increased native T 1 . One patient showed myocardial enhancement, and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction or reduced global longitudinal strain with or without increased native T 1 values was also identified in an additional 7 (14.6%) individuals. Native T 2 findings were normal in all subjects, and no specific imaging features of myocardial inflammation were identified. Hierarchical clustering of left ventricular regional strain identified 3 unique myopericardial phenotypes that showed significant association with the cardiac magnetic resonance findings (p = 0.03). Conclusions More than 1 in 3 previously healthy college athletes recovering from COVID-19 infection showed imaging features of a resolving pericardial inflammation. Although subtle changes in myocardial structure and function were identified, no athlete showed specific imaging features to suggest an ongoing myocarditis. Further studies are needed to understand the clinical implications and long-term evolution of these abnormalities in uncomplicated COVID-19. Central Illustration
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, echocardiography, Athletes, strain, IGG, immunoglobulin g, CMR, PCR, polymerase chain reaction, COVID-19, coronavirus disease-2019, SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2, ECG, electrocardiogram, CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance, B-SSFP, balanced steady-state free precession, EF, ejection fraction, GLS, global longitudinal strain, LGE, late gadolinium enhancement, LV, left ventricular, RV, right ventricular, STIR, short tau-axis inversion recovery,