Pulmonary epithelial cells are widely considered to be the first line of defence in the lung and are responsible for coordinating the innate immune response to injury and subsequent repair. Consequently, epithelial cells communicate with multiple cell types including immune cells and fibroblasts to promote acute inflammation and normal wound healing in response to damage. However, aberrant epithelial cell death and damage are hallmarks of pulmonary disease, with necrotic cell death and cellular senescence contributing to disease pathogenesis in numerous respiratory diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and coronavirus disease (COVID)-19. In this review, we summarise the literature that demonstrates that epithelial damage plays a pivotal role in the dysregulation of the immune response leading to tissue destruction and abnormal remodelling in several chronic diseases. Specifically, we highlight the role of epithelial-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and senescence in shaping the immune response and assess their contribution to inflammatory and fibrotic signalling pathways in the lung.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, Necrosis, coronavirus, lung, senescence, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), epithelial damage, necroptosis, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), 【초록키워드】 immune response, innate immune response, pulmonary fibrosis, Acute inflammation, pulmonary, COPD, Respiratory disease, pathway, cell death, epithelial, DAMPs, pulmonary disease, cellular senescence, IPF, Inflammatory, Immune cell, Injury, epithelial cell, dysregulation, cell type, Chronic diseases, damage-associated molecular pattern, disease pathogenesis, Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19, tissue, wound healing, hallmark, necrotic cell death, fibroblast, highlight, responsible, subsequent, promote, contributing to, chronic obstructive, 【제목키워드】 pulmonary, response, damage, role,