Abstract
Among COVID-19 hospitalized patients, high incidence of alterations in inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers correlates with a poor prognosis. Comorbidities such as chronic degenerative diseases are frequently associated with complications in COVID-19 patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate inflammatory and procoagulant biomarkers in COVID-19 patients from a public hospital in Mexico. Blood was sampled within the first 48 h after admission in 119 confirmed COVID-19 patients that were classified in 3 groups according to oxygen demand, evolution and the severity of the disease as follows: 1) Non severe: nasal cannula or oxygen mask; 2) Severe: high flow nasal cannula and 3) Death: mechanical ventilation eventually leading to fatal outcome. Blood samples from 20 healthy donors were included as a Control Group. Analysis of inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers including D-dimer, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, PAI-1, P-selectin and VWF was performed in plasma. Routine laboratory and clinical biomarkers were also included and compared among groups. Concentrations of D-dimer (14.5 ± 13.8 µg/ml) and PAI-1 (1223 ± 889.6 ng/ml) were significantly elevated in severe COVID-19 patients (P < 0.0001). A significant difference was found in interleukin-6, PAI-1 and P-selectin in non-severe and healthy donors when compared to Severe COVID-19 and deceased patients (P < 0.001). VWF levels were also significantly different between severe patients (153.5 ± 24.3 UI/dl) and non-severe ones (133.9 ± 20.2 UI/dl) (P < 0.0001). WBC and glucose levels were also significantly elevated in patients with Severe COVID-19. Plasma concentrations of all prothrombotic biomarkers were significantly higher in patients with a fatal outcome.
Keywords: COVID-19; D dimer; P-selectin; PAI-1; immunothrombosis; interleukin 6; interleukin 8; von Willebrand factor.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, D dimer, P-selectin, PAI-1, immunothrombosis, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, von Willebrand factor, 【초록키워드】 Evolution, Biomarker, severe COVID-19, mechanical ventilation, severity, hospital, Comorbidities, interleukin-6, D-dimer, oxygen, nasal, outcome, hospitalized patients, severe, D dimer, P-selectin, immunothrombosis, interleukin 6, Laboratory, Coagulation, interleukin, Patient, von Willebrand factor, Control, Complication, plasma, WBC, Severe patient, incidence, group, disease, Admission, Glucose, COVID-19 patients, vWF, Concentration, Inflammatory, Deceased, COVID-19 patient, High flow nasal cannula, nasal cannula, oxygen demand, chronic degenerative diseases, oxygen mask, significant difference, control group, severe patients, Blood samples, alteration, blood sample, severe COVID-19 patients, poor prognosis, dimer, plasma concentrations, selectin, routine, prothrombotic, procoagulant, healthy donor, evaluate, significantly, the disease, elevated, was performed, significantly higher, groups, degenerative, severe COVID-19 patient,