Pharmacologic Thromboprophylaxis and Thrombosis in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Pooled Analysis

Published on
Journal: Thrombosis and haemostasis
[저자] Rushad Patell, Thita Chiasakul, Ethan Bauer, Jeffrey I Zwicker
[Category] SARS,
PMC URL    Pubmed URL    [DOI] 10.1055/s-0040-1721664    
[Source] pubmed

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increases thrombosis in hospitalized patients prompting adoption of different thromboprophylaxis strategies. Safety and efficacy of escalated-dose pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis are not established.
Objectives: To determine the pooled incidence of thrombosis/bleeding in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 for standard-dose, intermediate-dose, therapeutic anticoagulation, and no pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis.
Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched up to August 29, 2020 for studies reporting pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis and thrombosis or bleeding. Pooled event rates were calculated using a random-effects model.
Results: Thirty-five observational studies were included. The pooled incidence rates of total venous thromboembolism ( N = 4,685) were: no prophylaxis 41.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 28.1-57.2, I ^{2} = 76%), standard-dose prophylaxis 19.8% (95% CI: 13.2-28.6, I ^{2} = 95%), intermediate-dose prophylaxis 11.9% (95% CI: 4.3-28.6, I ^{2} = 91%), and therapeutic-dose anticoagulants 10.5% (95% CI: 4.2-23.8, I ^{2} = 82%, p = 0.003). The pooled incidence rates of arterial thrombosis ( N = 1,464) were: no prophylaxis 11.3% (95% CI: 5.2-23.0, I ^{2} = 0%), standard-dose prophylaxis 2.5% (95% CI: 1.4-4.3, I ^{2} = 45%), intermediate-dose prophylaxis 2.1% (95% CI: 0.5-7.7, I ^{2} = 45%), and therapeutic-dose anticoagulants 1.3% (95% CI: 0.2-8.8, I ^{2} = 0, p = 0.009). The pooled bleeding event rates ( N = 6,393) were nonsignificantly higher in therapeutic-dose anticoagulants compared with standard-dose prophylaxis, (6.3 vs. 1.7%, p = 0.083).
Conclusion: Thrombosis rates were lower in hospitalized COVID-19 patients who received pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis. Thrombosis and bleeding rates for patients receiving intermediate-dose thromboprophylaxis or therapeutic anticoagulation were similar to those who received standard-dose pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis.

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