Abstract
We have analyzed BNT162b2 vaccine-induced immune responses in naive subjects and individuals recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), both soon after (14 days) and later after (almost 8 months) vaccination. Plasma spike (S)-specific immunoglobulins peak after one vaccine shot in individuals recovered from COVID-19, while a second dose is needed in naive subjects, although the latter group shows reduced levels all along the analyzed period. Despite how the neutralization capacity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mirrors this behavior early after vaccination, both groups show comparable neutralizing antibodies and S-specific B cell levels late post-vaccination. When studying cellular responses, naive individuals exhibit higher SARS-CoV-2-specific cytokine production, CD4 + T cell activation, and proliferation than do individuals recovered from COVID-19, with patent inverse correlations between humoral and cellular variables early post-vaccination. However, almost 8 months post-vaccination, SARS-CoV-2-specific responses are comparable between both groups. Our data indicate that a previous history of COVID-19 differentially determines the functional T and B cell-mediated responses to BNT162b2 vaccination over time.
Keywords: BNT162b2 vaccine; COVID-19-recovered; SARS-CoV-2; antigen-specific T cell; cellular responses; cytokine production; humoral responses; memory B cell; proliferation; spike.
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, BNT162b2 vaccine, spike, humoral responses, cytokine production, memory B cell, Cellular responses, COVID-19-recovered, antigen-specific T cell, proliferation, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, coronavirus disease, neutralizing antibody, Vaccine, coronavirus, vaccination, cytokine, CD4, B cell, BNT162b2, Immunoglobulin, response, T cell activation, cellular, neutralization capacity, humoral, cell-mediated response, acute respiratory syndrome, both groups, subject, second dose, individual, inverse correlation, vaccine-induced immune response, variable, memory B, analyzed, reduced, functional, determine, subjects, comparable, both group, 【제목키워드】 COVID-19, response, BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination, humoral, subject, functional,