Summary Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi C causes enteric (paratyphoid) fever in humans. Its presentation can range from asymptomatic infections of the blood stream to gastrointestinal or urinary tract infection or even a fatal septicemia [ 1 ]. Paratyphi C is very rare in Europe and North America except for occasional travelers from South and East Asia or Africa, where the disease is more common [ 2 , 3 ]. However, early 20 th -century observations in Eastern Europe [ 3 , 4 ] suggest that Paratyphi C enteric fever may once have had a wide-ranging impact on human societies. Here, we describe a draft Paratyphi C genome (Ragna) recovered from the 800-year-old skeleton (SK152) of a young woman in Trondheim, Norway. Paratyphi C sequences were recovered from her teeth and bones, suggesting that she died of enteric fever and demonstrating that these bacteria have long caused invasive salmonellosis in Europeans. Comparative analyses against modern Salmonella genome sequences revealed that Paratyphi C is a clade within the Para C lineage, which also includes serovars Choleraesuis, Typhisuis, and Lomita. Although Paratyphi C only infects humans, Choleraesuis causes septicemia in pigs and boar [ 5 ] (and occasionally humans), and Typhisuis causes epidemic swine salmonellosis (chronic paratyphoid) in domestic pigs [ 2 , 3 ]. These different host specificities likely evolved in Europe over the last ∼4,000 years since the time of their most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) and are possibly associated with the differential acquisitions of two genomic islands, SPI-6 and SPI-7. The tMRCAs of these bacterial clades coincide with the timing of pig domestication in Europe [ 6 ]. Highlights • Salmonella enterica aDNA sequences were found within 800-year-old teeth and bone • The invasive Para C lineage was defined from 50,000 modern S. enterica genomes • The Para C lineage includes Ragna, the aDNA genome, and human and swine pathogens • Only few genomic changes occurred in the Para C lineage over its 3,000-year history Zhou et al. reshape our understandings of the origins of an invasive bacterial pathogen, Salmonella enterica Paratyphi C, by combining a reconstructed pan-genome from an 800-year-old skeleton in Norway with 221 genomes from modern bacteria.
Pan-genome Analysis of Ancient and Modern Salmonella enterica Demonstrates Genomic Stability of the Invasive Para C Lineage for Millennia
고대 및 현대 살모넬라 엔테리카의 팬 게놈 분석은 수천 년 동안 침습성 파라 C 계통의 유전체 안정성을 보여줍니다.
[Category] 살모넬라증,
[Article Type] Article
[Source] PMC
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