The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused large-scale economic and social losses and worldwide deaths. Although most COVID-19 patients have initially complained of respiratory insufficiency, the presence of neuropsychiatric manifestations is also reported frequently, ranging from headache, hyposmia/anosmia, and neuromuscular dysfunction to stroke, seizure, encephalopathy, altered mental status, and psychiatric disorders, both in the acute phase and in the long term. These neuropsychiatric complications have emerged as a potential indicator of worsened clinical outcomes and poor prognosis, thus contributing to mortality in COVID-19 patients. Their etiology remains largely unclear and probably involves multiple neuroinvasive pathways. Here, we summarize recent animal and human studies for neurotrophic properties of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and elucidate potential neuropathogenic mechanisms involved in the viral invasion of the central nervous system as a cause for brain damage and neurological impairments. We then discuss the potential therapeutic strategy for intervening and preventing neuropsychiatric complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Time-series monitoring of clinical–neurochemical–radiological progress of neuropsychiatric and neuroimmune complications need implementation in individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2. The development of a screening, intervention, and therapeutic framework to prevent and reduce neuropsychiatric sequela is urgently needed and crucial for the short- and long-term recovery of COVID-19 patients.
【저자키워드】 Pathogenesis, Psychiatric disorders, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, coronavirus disease, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, pandemic, Mortality, stroke, SARS-COV-2 infection, Intervention, headache, Brain, Clinical outcome, implementation, therapeutic, Complication, Neuropsychiatric, Encephalopathy, Central nervous system, etiology, mechanism, therapeutic strategy, COVID-19 patients, Pathways, Seizure, neurological, deaths, Altered mental status, COVID-19 patient, manifestation, Neuroinvasive, acute respiratory syndrome, acute phase, individual, poor prognosis, viral invasion, Prevent, caused, involved, reported, contributing to, reduce, neuromuscular dysfunction, worsened, 【제목키워드】 COVID-19, mechanisms, manifestation, therapeutic intervention, neurotropic,