Nanomedicine has demonstrated substantial potential to improve the quality and efficacy of healthcare systems. Although the promise of nanomedicine to transform conventional medicine is evident, significant numbers of therapeutic nanomedicine products have failed in clinical trials. Most studies in nanomedicine have overlooked several important factors, including the significance of sex differences at various physiological levels. This report attempts to highlight the importance of sex in nanomedicine at cellular and molecular level. A more thorough consideration of sex physiology, among other critical variations (e.g., health status of individuals), would enable researchers to design and develop safer and more-efficient sex-specific diagnostic and therapeutic nanomedicine products. Given the early failing of therapeutic nanomedicine in the clinic the importance of understanding bio-nano interactions and biosystem parameters has gained much attention. Here, the authors review the work to date that looks at the impact of sex on the applications and outcomes of nanomedicine.
【저자키워드】 drug delivery, nanomedicine, 【초록키워드】 Efficacy, Variation, diagnostic, clinical trials, Sex, outcome, therapeutic, Factors, Health status, Sex difference, Critical, Interaction, Healthcare systems, MOST, parameter, researcher, Physiological levels, highlight, IMPROVE, develop, demonstrated, individuals, cellular and molecular,