The COVID-19, caused by a novel coronavirus, was declared as a global pandemic by WHO more than five months ago, and we are still experiencing a state of global emergency. More than 74.30 million confirmed cases of the COVID-19 have been reported globally so far, with an average fatality rate of almost 3.0%. Seven different types of coronaviruses had been detected from humans; three of them have resulted in severe outbreaks, i.e., MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. Phylogenetic analysis of the genomes suggests that the possible occurrence of recombination between SARS-like-CoVs from pangolin and bat might have led to the origin of SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 outbreak. Coronaviruses are positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses and harbour a genome (30 kb) consisting of two terminal untranslated regions and twelve putative functional open reading frames (ORFs), encoding for non-structural and structural proteins. There are sixteen putative non-structural proteins, including proteases, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, helicase, other proteins involved in the transcription and replication of SARS-CoV-2, and four structural proteins, including spike protein (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N). SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a heavy viral load in the body, destroys the human lungs through cytokine storm, especially in elderly persons and people with immunosuppressed disorders. A number of drugs have been repurposed and employed, but still, no specific antiviral medicine has been approved by the FDA to treat this disease. This review provides a current status of the COVID-19, epidemiology, an overview of phylogeny, mode of action, diagnosis, and possible treatment methods and vaccines.
【초록키워드】 COVID-19, Treatment, SARS-CoV-2, Cytokine storm, coronavirus, Vaccines, SARS-CoV, Epidemiology, SARS-COV-2 infection, Genome, Transcription, Diagnosis, drug, FDA, MERS-CoV, Spike protein, non-structural proteins, Novel coronavirus, global pandemic, Helicase, Protein, Outbreaks, Region, COVID-19 outbreak, Viral load, nucleocapsid, human lung, Phylogeny, Recombination, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, membrane, structural proteins, WHO, Proteases, disease, ORFs, Open reading frame, Analysis, Immunosuppressed, confirmed case, disorders, average, Fatality rate, treat, single-stranded RNA virus, antiviral medicine, replication of SARS-CoV-2, FIVE, positive-sense, Occurrence, caused, involved, reported, approved, functional, provide, SARS-like-CoV, 【제목키워드】 COVID-19, coronavirus disease, novel,