Highlights • SARS-CoV-2 binds more strongly to ACE2 as compare to SARS-CoV. • The viral Spike protein is most important target for vaccine design. • Antibody dependent enhancement enhances the viral entry and replication in the host cell. • Nanobody is alternative to avoid Antibody dependent enhancement. • Different strategies for vaccine development. • Spike protein-based vaccines. The recent outbreak of the betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has become a significant concern to public health care worldwide. As of August 19, 2020, more than 22,140,472 people are infected, and over 781,135 people have died due to this deadly virus. In the USA alone, over 5,482,602 people are currently infected, and more than 171,823 people have died. SARS-CoV-2 has shown a higher infectivity rate and a more extended incubation period as compared to previous coronaviruses. SARS-CoV-2 binds much more strongly than SARS-CoV to the same host receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Previously, several methods to develop a vaccine against SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV have been tried with limited success. Since SARS-CoV-2 uses the spike (S) protein for entry to the host cell, it is one of the most preferred targets for making vaccines or therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we have summarised the characteristics of the S protein, as well as the different approaches being used for the development of vaccines and/or therapeutics based on the S protein.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccine, Spike protein, therapeutic, 【초록키워드】 public health, ACE2, Coronaviruses, Vaccine development, spike, SARS-CoV, Vaccine design, virus, MERS-CoV, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, viral entry, Betacoronavirus, Replication, Protein, Characteristics, outbreak, Incubation period, target, USA, Care, Protein-based vaccines, host cell, host receptor, higher infectivity, approach, ENhance, bind, shown, develop, died, against SARS-CoV, the S protein, 【제목키워드】 SARS-CoV-2 spike, Potential,