Abstract Glycoproteins of enveloped viruses replicating in nonprimate mammalian cells carry α‐1,3‐galactose (α‐Gal) glycans, and can bind to anti‐Gal antibodies which are abundant in humans. The antibodies have protected humans and their ancestors for millions of years, because they inhibit replication of many kinds of microbes carrying αGal glycans and aid complements and macrophages to destroy them. Therefore, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) replicating in nonprimate mammalian cells (eg, PK‐15 cells) carry αGal glycans and could be employed as a live vaccine for corona virus 2019 (COVID‐19). The live vaccine safety could be further enhanced through intramuscular inoculation to bypass the fragile lungs, like the live unattenuated adenovirus vaccine safely used in US recruits for decades. Moreover, the immune complexes of SARS‐CoV‐2 and anti‐Gal antibodies could enhance the efficacy of COVID‐19 vaccines, live or inactivated, carrying α‐Gal glycans. Experiments are imperatively desired to examine these novel vaccine strategies which probably have the critical advantages for defeating the pandemic of COVID‐19 and preventing other viral infectious diseases. Research Highlights Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) replicating in nonprimate mammalian cells carries α‐1,3‐galactose (α‐Gal) glycans which can bind to anti‐Gal antibodies abundant in humans. Anti‐Gal antibodies inhibit replication of various α‐Gal‐carrying pathogens and aid complements and macrophages to destroy them. α‐Gal‐carrying SARS‐CoV‐2 could be used as a live vaccine for corona virus 2019 (COVID‐19). The live vaccine safety could be enhanced through intramuscular inoculation to bypass the fragile lungs. Live and inactivated COVID‐19 vaccines could be more effective if produced using PK‐15 rather than Vero cells.
【저자키워드】 COVID‐19, Vaccine, SARS‐CoV‐2, immune complex, anti‐Gal antibodies, 【초록키워드】 Macrophage, Efficacy, coronavirus, pandemic, Vaccines, antibody, Human, complement, virus, COVID‐19, SARS‐CoV‐2, Replication, glycans, immune complex, pathogen, cells, humans, Lungs, glycoprotein, Critical, glycan, inactivated, intramuscular, microbe, acute respiratory syndrome, Vero cells, ancestor, viral infectious diseases, mammalian cell, adenovirus vaccine, effective, ENhance, produced, inhibit, recruit, 【제목키워드】 COVID‐19, SARS‐CoV‐2, Critical, mammalian cell,