Highlights • SARS-CoV-2 has infected millions people worldwide with numerous deaths since December 2019. • Type V and VI CRISPR enzymes are efficient agents for diagnosis and combating single-stranded RNA viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. • DETECTR and SHERLOCK represent rapid, specific and efficient diagnostic platforms for point of care detection of SARS-CoV-2. • PAC-MAN is a SARS-CoV-2 plausible therapeutic approach which pave the way to use CRISPR systems as robust antivirals. Type V and VI CRISPR enzymes are RNA-guided, DNA and RNA-targeting effectors that allow specific gene knockdown. Cas12 and Cas13 are CRISPR proteins that are efficient agents for diagnosis and combating single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses. The programmability of these proteins paves the way for the detection and degradation of RNA viruses by targeting RNAs complementary to its CRISPR RNA (crRNA). Approximately two-thirds of viruses causing diseases contain ssRNA genomes. The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has infected more than 88 million people worldwide with near 2 million deaths since December 2019. Thus, accurate and rapid diagnostic and therapeutic tools are essential for early detection and treatment of this widespread infectious disease. For us, the CRISPR based platforms seem to be a plausible new approach for an accurate detection and treatment of SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we talk about Cas12 and Cas13 CRISPR systems and their applications in diagnosis and treatment of RNA virus mediated diseases. In continue, the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity, and its conventional diagnostics and antivirals will be discussed. Moreover, we highlight novel CRISPR based diagnostic platforms and therapies for COVID-19. We also discuss the challenges of diagnostic CRISPR based platforms as well as clarifying the proposed solution for high efficient selective in vivo delivery of CRISPR components into SARS-CoV-2-infected cells.
【저자키워드】 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, Coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019, SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Diagnosis, SHERLOCK, CRISPR-Cas system, PAC-MAN, CRISPR, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, DETECTR, Positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus, green fluorescent protein, COVID-19coronavirus disease 2019, SARS-CoV-2severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, ssRNA viruses, single-stranded RNA viruses, CRISPR-Cas, CRISPR and CRISPR-associated proteins, SHERLOCK, specific high sensitive enzymatic reporter unlocking, PAC-MAN, prophylactic antiviral crispr in human cells, crRNAs, CRISPR RNAs, DSB, DNA double-strand break, PAM, protospacer adjacent motif, DETECTR, DNA endonuclease-targeted CRISPR trans reporter, HOLMES, a one-hour low-cost multipurpose highly efficient system, DR, direct repeat, (+) ssRNA virus, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus, RTC, replication-transcription complex, RT-LAMP, reverse transcription simultaneous with isothermal amplification by using loop-mediated amplification, AIOD-CRISPR, all-in-one dual CRISPR-Cas12a, CRISPR/Cas12a-NER, CRISPR/Cas12a-based-detection with naked eye readout, CONAN, Cas3-operated nucleic acid detection, GFP, green fluorescent protein, NLS, nuclear localization sequence, MFE, minimum free energy, Single-stranded RNA viruses, ABACAS, ssRNA virusessingle-stranded RNA viruses, CRISPRclustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, CRISPR-CasCRISPR and CRISPR-associated proteins, CRISPR and CRISPR-associated proteins, SHERLOCKspecific high sensitive enzymatic reporter unlocking, specific high sensitive enzymatic reporter unlocking, PAC-MANprophylactic antiviral crispr in human cells, prophylactic antiviral crispr in human cells, crRNAsCRISPR RNAs, CRISPR RNAs, DSBDNA double-strand break, DNA double-strand break, PAMprotospacer adjacent motif, protospacer adjacent motif, DETECTRDNA endonuclease-targeted CRISPR trans reporter, DNA endonuclease-targeted CRISPR trans reporter, HOLMESa one-hour low-cost multipurpose highly efficient system, a one-hour low-cost multipurpose highly efficient system, DRdirect repeat, direct repeat, (+) ssRNA viruspositive-sense single-stranded RNA virus, RTCreplication-transcription complex, replication-transcription complex, RT-LAMPreverse transcription simultaneous with isothermal amplification by using loop-mediated amplification, reverse transcription simultaneous with isothermal amplification by using loop-mediated amplification, AIOD-CRISPRall-in-one dual CRISPR-Cas12a, all-in-one dual CRISPR-Cas12a, CRISPR/Cas12a-NERCRISPR/Cas12a-based-detection with naked eye readout, CRISPR/Cas12a-based-detection with naked eye readout, CONANCas3-operated nucleic acid detection, Cas3-operated nucleic acid detection, GFPgreen fluorescent protein, NLSnuclear localization sequence, nuclear localization sequence, MFEminimum free energy, minimum free energy, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, Treatment, coronavirus disease, viruses, coronavirus, therapy, Diseases, Antiviral, antivirals, point of care, diagnostic, Infectious disease, diagnostics, RNA, Protein, CRISPR, DNA, outbreak, therapeutic, death, genomes, Degradation, RNA virus, respiratory, pathogenicity, in vivo, disease, platform, Therapeutic approach, complementary, enzyme, SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, knockdown, component, selective, ssRNA, effector, widespread, approach, highlight, single-stranded, robust, combating, caused, virus, RNA virus, Type, single-stranded RNA virus, the SARS-CoV-2, 【제목키워드】 COVID-19, CRISPR, novel, combating, approach,