Setting up treatment strategies is the highest concern today to reduce the fatality of COVID-19. Due to a very new kind of virus attack, no specific treatment has been discovered to date. The most crucial way to dominate the disease severity is now the repurposing of drugs. In this review, we focused on the current treatment approaches targeting the crucial causative factors for the disease burden through cytokine storm or cytokine release syndrome. Several vaccines have been developed and have been applied already for prevention purposes, and several are on the way to be developed, although the effects and side effects are under observation. Presently, regulation of the immune response through intervention treatment methods has been adjusted on the basis of the COVID-19 severity stage and generally includes vaccines, immunotherapies including convalescent plasma and immunoglobulin treatment, monoclonal antibodies, cytokine therapy, complement inhibition, regenerative medicine, and repurposed anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory drugs. Combination therapy is not acceptable in all respects because there is no concrete evidence in clinical trials or in vivo data. Target-specific drug therapies, such as inhibition of cytokine-producing signaling pathways, could be an excellent solution and thus reduce the severity of inflammation and disease severity. Therefore, gathering information about the mechanism of disease progression, possible goals, and drug efficacy of immune-based approaches to combat COVID-19 in the context of orderly review analysis is consequential.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Cytokine storm, coronavirus, NF-κB, RBD, receptor binding domain, JAK, Janus kinase, ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome, MCP, monocyte chemoattractant protein, MIP, macrophage inflammatory protein, SARS, Severe acute respiratory syndrome, NF-κB, MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome, WHO, World Health Organization, ACE, Angiotensin converting enzyme, TNF, Tumor Necrosis Factor, NSPs, Nonstructural proteins, VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor, Repurposing of drugs, ADAM-17, Disintegrin and Metallopeptidase Domain, Ag, Angiotensin, APCs, Antigen Presenting Cells, Cathepsin L, Cathepsin of Lysosome, CLR, C-type lectin receptors, COVID, Coronavirus Disease, CSF, Colony Stimulating Factor, HCoV, Human Corona Virus, HGF, Hepatocyte Growth Factor, IFN, Interferons, IKK, IKb kinase Complex, IL, Interleukins, IP, Inducible Protein, MAPK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPKK, Mitogen activated Protein Kinase Kinase, MAPKKK/MAP3K, Mitogen activated protein Kinase Kinase Kinase, MAPKs, p38 Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases, Mpro, main protease, MyD88, Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response dependent, NF-κB, Nuclear Factor kappa B, NK cells, Natural Killer cells, NLR, Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors, PAMPs, Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns, PLpro, Papain like protease, PORCN, Porcupine O Acetyl transferase., pp, polyproteins, PRRs, Pattern Recognition Receptors, RdRp, RNA dependent- RNA polymerase, RIG-1, Retinoic acid inducible gene-1, SARS-CoV-2, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (novel corona virus), SFRP, Secreted Frizzled related proteins, SP, Spike Protein, STAT, Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Proteins, TLR, Toll like Receptor, TMPRSS2, Type II Transmembrane Serine Protease 2, TRIF, TLR domain containing adaptor inducing IFN-β, VUI, Variant Under Investigation, Wnt, Wingless related Integration site, 【초록키워드】 Treatment, convalescent plasma, Inflammation, Vaccine, immune response, clinical trial, therapy, Anti-inflammatory, Vaccines, Immunotherapy, severity, disease severity, COVID-19 severity, drugs, Intervention, complement, cytokine, monoclonal antibodies, Cytokine release syndrome, Disease progression, Immunoglobulin, in vivo, information, signaling pathways, regenerative, mechanism, Therapies, fatality, Evidence, Analysis, treatment strategy, observation, Drug efficacy, Factor, Side effect, Regulation, specific treatment, Effect, setting, virus attack, highest, approach, include, the disease, applied, adjusted, reduce, treatment approach, 【제목키워드】 management, the disease,