Abstract
Introduction : COVID-19 pandemic has caused huge loss of human lives and extensive socio-economic damages. The immuno-pathology of this disease is neither clearly understood nor there are effective drugs for severe cases of COVID-19. Repurposing of available drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 is imperative. Areas Covered : This review has gathered the evidence from PubMed, Google Scholar, WHO, and other reliable websites on COVID-19 and summarized the existing knowledge of the immuno-pathology of COVID-19. We elucidated how vitamin D through its diverse actions on immune effector cells, epithelial cells, or renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system could have a modulatory role on the pathogenic mechanisms of COVID-19. The epidemiological evidence associating vitamin D deficiency with the severity and incidence of COVID-19 is also presented. However, the evidence of clinical benefit to patients of COVID-19 from randomized controlled trials with vitamin D has not come as yet. Expert opinion : It is now established that fatality of COVID-19 is primarily determined by hyperactivation of the host’s innate immune system in response to SARS-CoV-2 invasion, and thus the research on the immuno-modulatory and other roles of vitamin D against viral infections should be pursued vigorously. This would be also useful for future pandemics caused by other novel viruses.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; cytokine; immuno-modulation; innate immunity; interferon; vitamin D.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Vitamin D, Innate immunity, interferon, cytokine, immuno-modulation, 【초록키워드】 Randomized controlled trial, Treatment, viral infection, knowledge, COVID-19 pandemic, severity, repurposing, drug, immune, innate immune system, Research, Pandemics, epithelial cells, WHO, epidemiological, disease, pathogenic mechanism, fatality, Evidence, Novel viruses, Invasion, Google Scholar, deficiency, website, clinical benefit, Severe case, Hyperactivation, effector cells, Host, expert, caused, imperative, Area, Covered, effective drug, immuno-pathology, incidence of COVID-19, patients of COVID-19, 【제목키워드】 Vitamin D, Interaction, Therapeutic benefit, immuno-pathology,