Abstract
Objectives: Vitamin D deficiency was previously correlated with incidence and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We investigated the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level on admission and radiologic stage and outcome of COVID-19 pneumonia.
Methods: A retrospective observational trial was done on 186 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected individuals hospitalized from March 1, 2020, to April 7, 2020, with combined chest computed tomography (CT) and 25(OH)D measurement on admission. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to study if vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D <20 ng/mL) correlates with survival independently of confounding comorbidities.
Results: Of the patients with COVID-19, 59% were vitamin D deficient on admission: 47% of females and 67% of males. In particular, male patients with COVID-19 showed progressively lower 25(OH)D with advancing radiologic stage, with deficiency rates increasing from 55% in stage 1 to 74% in stage 3. Vitamin D deficiency on admission was not confounded by age, ethnicity, chronic lung disease, coronary artery disease/hypertension, or diabetes and was associated with mortality (odds ratio [OR], 3.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30-11.55), independent of age (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.03-1.14), chronic lung disease (OR, 3.61; 95% CI, 1.18-11.09), and extent of lung damage expressed by chest CT severity score (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.01-1.25).
Conclusions: Low 25(OH)D levels on admission are associated with COVID-19 disease stage and mortality.
Keywords: 25(OH)D; COVID-19 disease; Coronavirus; Laboratory analysis; SARS-CoV-2; Viral pneumonia; Vitamin D deficiency.
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, vitamin D deficiency, COVID-19 disease, Viral pneumonia, 25(OH)D, Laboratory analysis, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, coronavirus disease, Hospitalized, Mortality, Trial, Vitamin D, Pneumonia, severity, Comorbidities, Lung disease, outcome, vitamin D deficiency, Chest computed tomography, survival, Chest CT, male, female, age, incidence, Admission, multivariate regression analysis, association, retrospective, Odds ratio, lung damage, deficiency, acute respiratory syndrome, 95% CI, 95% confidence interval, individual, disease stage, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, males, independent, radiologic, the patient, investigated, was performed, expressed, correlated, diabete, was done, patients with COVID-19, with COVID-19, 【제목키워드】 COVID-19, Stage, Level,