Viral vectors can generate high levels of recombinant protein expression providing the basis for modern vaccine development. A large number of different viral vector expression systems have been utilized for targeting viral surface proteins and tumor-associated antigens. Immunization studies in preclinical animal models have evaluated the elicited humoral and cellular responses and the possible protection against challenges with lethal doses of infectious pathogens or tumor cells. Several vaccine candidates for both infectious diseases and various cancers have been subjected to a number of clinical trials. Human immunization trials have confirmed safe application of viral vectors, generation of neutralizing antibodies and protection against challenges with lethal doses. A special emphasis is placed on COVID-19 vaccines based on viral vectors. Likewise, the flexibility and advantages of applying viral particles, RNA replicons and DNA replicon vectors of self-replicating RNA viruses for vaccine development are presented.
【저자키워드】 Infectious diseases, COVID-19 vaccines, viral vaccines, cancers, self-replicating RNA vectors, DNA-based vaccines, RNA-based vaccines, breath, 【초록키워드】 viruses, neutralizing antibody, Viral vector, Tumor, Vaccine development, COVID-19 vaccine, Infectious diseases, Trial, Neutralizing antibodies, Cancer, Human, clinical trials, animal model, Infectious disease, immunization, RNA, Protein, DNA, COVID-19 vaccines, Viral, pathogen, cancers, vector, viral vectors, vaccine candidate, antigens, Pathogens, RNA virus, expression, flexibility, cellular response, dose, Viral particles, tumor cells, Safe, humoral, Recombinant protein, lethal doses, tumor-associated antigens, viral surface, protein expression, doses, evaluated, generate, elicited, 【제목키워드】 COVID-19, Viral, vector, application, development,