Abstract
Biological sex could affect the natural history of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. We enrolled all COVID-19 patients admitted to two COVID-19 hospitals in Milan in a prospective observational study. The primary outcome was death during the study period and the secondary outcome was critical disease at hospital admission. The association(s) between clinically relevant, noncollinear variables, and the primary outcome was assessed with uni- and multivariable Logistic regression models. A total of 520 patients were hospitalized of whom 349 (67%) were males with a median age 61 (interquartile range: 50-72). A higher proportion of males presented critically ill when compared to females (30.1% vs. 18.7%, p < .046). Death occurred in 86 (24.6%) males and 27 (15.8%) females (p = .024). In multivariable analysis age (per 10 years more) (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.83 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.42-2.35], p < .0001), obesity (AOR: 2.17 [95% CI: 1.10-4.31], p = .026), critical disease at hospital admission (AOR 6.34 [95% CI: 3.50-11.48], p < .0001) were independently associated to higher odds of death whereas gender was not. In conclusion, a higher proportion of males presented critically ill at hospital admission. Age, critical disease at hospital admission, obesity, anemia, D-dimer, estimated glomerular filtration rate, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase predicted death in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Keywords: COVID-19; disease severity; female; mortality; outcomes.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, Mortality, disease severity, outcomes, female, 【초록키워드】 Anemia, coronavirus, Hospitalized, prospective observational study, obesity, hospital, Infection, Sex, Gender, D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase, outcomes, Critically ill, male, Patient, death, age, Hospital admission, disease, Critical disease, glomerular filtration rate, COVID-19 patient, Biological, confidence interval, acute respiratory syndrome, adjusted odds ratio, Primary outcome, hospitalized COVID-19 patients, median age, study period, multivariable analysis, secondary outcome, regression models, Affect, AOR, multivariable, enrolled, predicted, occurred, proportion, clinically, higher odd, interquartile, variables, 【제목키워드】 prospective observational study, Gender, Impact, patients hospitalized,