Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has pushed the medical system to its breaking point. While the virus does not discriminate, the elderly and those with comorbidities, including hypertension severe obesity, diabetes mellitus, coronary disease, pneumonia and dementia, are at a greater risk for adverse outcomes due to COVID-19. While many people navigate their new normal, the question of what the long-lasting effects of the pandemic may be, lingers. To investigate how vulnerable populations are affected by the pandemic, we focused on Alzheimer’s disease, a vector to understanding how the virus has impacted AD progression and risk via aging. By assessing the effect of COVID-19 on AD patients, we explore genetics, metabolism, and lifestyle factors in both COVID-19 and Alzheimer’s disease that can work synergistically to precipitate adverse outcomes. This article also discusses how age-related conditions and/or age-related comorbidities susceptible to COVID-19. We also discuss possible healthy lifestyle factors reduce and/or combat COVID-19 now and in the future.
【저자키워드】 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Coronavirus disease 2019, nitric oxide, angiotensin converting enzyme 2, interferon, Alzheimer’s disease, type 2 diabetes, Sickle cell disease, Mild cognitive impairment, Central nervous system, mitochondrial DNA, transmembrane protease serine 2, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, amyloid beta, COVID-19coronavirus disease 2019, SARS-CoV-2severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, CNSCentral Nervous System, NONitric Oxide, ACE2angiotensin converting enzyme 2, ADAlzheimer’s disease, APOE4apolipoprotein E4 genotype, apolipoprotein E4 genotype, APPamyloid beta precursor protein, amyloid beta precursor protein, Aβamyloid beta, BMIbody metabolic index, body metabolic index, COXcytochrome c oxidase activity, cytochrome c oxidase activity, CypDcyclophilin D, cyclophilin D, DMVdouble membrane vesicles, double membrane vesicles, HIF-αhypoxia inducible factor-Iα, hypoxia inducible factor-Iα, IFNinterferon, MCImild cognitive impairment, MFRTAmitochondrial free radical theory of aging, mitochondrial free radical theory of aging, MHVmouse hepatitis virus, mouse hepatitis virus, MitomiRsmitochondrial microRNAs, mitochondrial microRNAs, MtDNAmitochondrial DNA, NPIQneuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire, neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire, ORFopen-reading frames, open-reading frames, PARPpoly-ADP-ribose polymerase, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase, PS1presenilin 1, presenilin 1, PS2presenilin 2, presenilin 2, RAASrenin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, ROSreactive oxidative species, reactive oxidative species, SCDsickle cell disease, T2Dtype 2 diabetes, TMPRSS2transmembrane protease serine 2, TNF-αtumor necrosis factor α, tumor necrosis factor α, TyGtriglyceride and glucose index, triglyceride and glucose index, WDWestern diet, Western diet, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, pandemic, Pneumonia, obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, Comorbidity, risk, progression, novel coronavirus disease, virus, hypertension, genetics, metabolism, adverse outcomes, Population, adverse outcome, Dementia, patients, Factor, coronary disease, while, medical system, Effect, susceptible, greater, affected, healthy, condition, question, long-lasting, reduce, impacted, those with comorbidities, 【제목키워드】 global pandemic, Disease progression, healthy, reduce, Can,