Abstract
The aging-associated decline of biological functions represents an important contributor to the increase in morbidity and mortality of human beings. Of these biological functions deterioration; there is a significant decline in the heart function, impairments in the lungs gas exchange, and impairments in the immune function. Many alterations in the body humeral and cellular immune response were observed with ageing process: The circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines are increased, the naive lymphocytes are decreased, the numbers of the antigen-presenting cells areelevated and the overall response is impaired.
In addition, ageing is associated with a progressive restriction in the telomere length. Telomeres are located at chromosomes ends and play an essential role in preserving chromosome stability. Also, telomere length is very important to the immune system, because of the high sensitivity of the immune cells to the shortening of telomeres. Telomeres shortening adversely affect the immune cells’ function and developments. These adverse changes increased the susceptibility for severe infection, risk of hospitalization, and even death.
Elderly COVID-19 patients are at a real risk of complications due to impaired immune function, cytokine storm and defective respiratory function. Administration of anti-ageing immunomodulation factors like Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide NAD+ can minimize these changes through its potent immunomodulation and longevity effects. NAD+ has a direct inhibitory effect on PARP-1 and can prevent pro-inflammatory cytokines over-activation. Increasing the NAD+ level will also result in stabilizing telomeres and this has a positive impact on immune cells function.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, Cytokine storm, Ageing, telomeres, NAD+, 【초록키워드】 Severe infection, Hospitalization, Cellular immune response, Respiratory function, susceptibility, elderly, lung, risk, immune system, immune, lymphocyte, biological function, sensitivity, stability, Gas exchange, death, Complication, immune function, morbidity and mortality, change, Immune cell, antigen-presenting cell, COVID-19 patient, adenine, Factor, chromosome, alteration, inhibitory effect, pro-inflammatory cytokine, impairment, positive, telomere, dinucleotide, Affect, Effects, Prevent, addition, increase in, Increasing, circulating pro-inflammatory cytokine, 【제목키워드】 immunomodulator, COVID 19, Hypothesis, influence,