Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that began spreading globally in late 2019. While most cases of COVID-19 present with mild to moderate symptoms, COVID-19 was the third leading cause of mortality in the United States in 2020 and 2021. Though COVID-19 affects individuals of all races and ethnicities, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic/Latinx populations are facing an inequitable burden of COVID-19 characterized by an increased risk for hospitalization and mortality. Importantly, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic/Latinx adults have also faced a greater risk of non-COVID-19-related mortality (e.g., from cardiovascular disease/CVD) during the pandemic. Contributors to the racial disparities in morbidity and mortality during the pandemic are multi-factorial as we discuss in our companion article on social determinants of health. However, profound racial variation in the prevalence of CVD and metabolic diseases may serve as a key driver of worse COVID-19-related and non-COVID-19-related health outcomes among racial and ethnic minority groups. Within this review, we provide data emphasizing the inequitable burden of CVD and metabolic diseases among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic/Latinx populations. We also discuss the pathophysiology of these conditions, with a focus on how aberrant physiological alterations in the context of CVD and metabolic diseases manifest to increase susceptibility to severe COVID-19.
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, obesity, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, Health disparities, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019, pandemic, Mortality, severe COVID-19, Hospitalization, susceptibility, Variation, Respiratory illness, risk, outcome, Symptoms, Population, Prevalence, Health, pathophysiology, Mild, morbidity and mortality, moderate, Coronavirus-2, physiological, black, Racial, CVD, acute respiratory syndrome, increased risk, alteration, individual, contagious, while, Affect, populations, greater, caused, the United State, characterized, groups, conditions, social determinant, 【제목키워드】 COVID-19, outcome, white, Latinx, cardiometabolic disease,