Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the third deadly coronavirus infection of the 21st century that has proven to be significantly more lethal than its predecessors, with the number of infected patients and deaths still increasing daily. From December 2019 to July 2021, this virus has infected nearly 200 million people and led to more than 4 million deaths. Our understanding of COVID-19 is constantly progressing, giving better insight into the heterogeneous nature of its acute and long-term effects. Recent literature on the long-term health consequences of COVID-19 discusses the need for a comprehensive understanding of the multisystemic pathophysiology, clinical predictors, and epidemiology to develop and inform an evidence-based, multidisciplinary management approach. A PubMed search was completed using variations on the term post-acute COVID-19. Only peer-reviewed studies in English published by July 17, 2021 were considered for inclusion. All studies discussed in this text are from adult populations unless specified (as with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children). The preliminary evidence on the pulmonary, cardiovascular, neurological, hematological, multisystem inflammatory, renal, endocrine, gastrointestinal, and integumentary sequelae show that COVID-19 continues after acute infection. Interdisciplinary monitoring with holistic management that considers nutrition, physical therapy, psychological management, meditation, and mindfulness in addition to medication will allow for the early detection of post-acute COVID-19 sequelae symptoms and prevent long-term systemic damage. This review serves as a guideline for effective management based on current evidence, but clinicians should modify recommendations to reflect each patient’s unique needs and the most up-to-date evidence. The presence of long-term effects presents another reason for vaccination against COVID-19.
【저자키워드】 acute respiratory distress syndrome, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, intensive care unit, interleukin, Kawasaki disease, 6-minute walk test, ICUIntensive Care Unit, ARDSacute respiratory distress syndrome, ILInterleukin, MIS-Cmultisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, 6MWT6-minute walk test, KDKawasaki disease, MIS-Amultisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults, VTEvenous thromboembolism events, venous thromboembolism events, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, Coronavirus infection, Coronavirus disease 2019, therapy, Epidemiology, children, Variation, Symptom, predictors, virus, Population, Health, pathophysiology, acute infection, management, Patient, death, Psychological, medication, Evidence, Inflammatory, Endocrine, neurological, deaths, clinician, syndrome, hematological, multisystemic, renal, heterogeneous nature, systemic damage, Effect, recommendation, Effects, approach, recent, vaccination against COVID-19, Prevent, physical, effective, consequence, English, develop, significantly more, addition, unique, number of infected, modify, for inclusion, peer-reviewed study, 【제목키워드】 COVID-19, Effect,