Abstract
Importance
Initial guidelines recommended prompt endotracheal intubation rather than non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for COVID-19 patients requiring ventilator support. There is insufficient data comparing the impact of intubation versus NIV on patient-centered outcomes of these patients.
Objective
To compare all-cause 30-day mortality for hospitalized COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure who underwent intubation first, intubation after NIV, or NIV only.
Design
Retrospective study of patients admitted in March and April of 2020.
Setting
A teaching hospital in Brooklyn, New York City.
Participants
Adult COVID-19 confirmed patients who required ventilator support (non-invasive ventilation and/or endotracheal intubation) at discretion of treating physician, were included.
Exposures
Patients were categorized into three exposure groups: intubation-first, intubation after NIV, or NIV-only.
Primary outcome
30-day all-cause mortality, a predetermined outcome measured by multivariable logistic regression. Data are presented with medians and interquartile ranges, or percentages with 95% confidence intervals, for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Covariates for the model were age, sex, qSOFA score ≥ 2, presenting oxygen saturation, vasopressor use, and greater than three comorbidities. A secondary multivariable model compared mortality of all patients that received NIV (intubation after NIV and NIV-only) with the intubation-first group.
Results
A total of 222 were enrolled. Overall mortality was 77.5% (95%CI, 72–83%). Mortality for intubation-first group was 82% (95%CI, 73–89%; 75/91), for Intubation after NIV was 84% (95%CI, 70–92%; 37/44), and for NIV-only was 69% (95%CI, 59–78%; 60/87). In multivariable analysis, NIV-only was associated with decreased all-cause mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 0.30, 95%CI, 0.13–0.69). No difference in mortality was observed between intubation-first and intubation after NIV. Secondary analysis found all patients who received NIV to have lower mortality than patients who were intubated only (OR: 0.44, 95%CI, 0.21–0.95).
Conclusions & Relevance
Utilization of NIV as the initial intervention in COVID-19 patients requiring ventilatory support is associated with significant survival benefit. For patients intubated after NIV, the mortality rate is not worse than those who undergo intubation as their initial intervention.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, Hypoxemia, Endotracheal intubation, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, 【초록키워드】 Respiratory failure, Mortality, hospital, Comorbidities, intubation, Sex, Intervention, outcome, New York City, oxygen saturation, survival, Patient, non-invasive ventilation, age, mortality rate, utilization, patients, 30-Day mortality, hospitalized COVID-19 patient, Analysis, exposure, Odds ratio, COVID-19 patient, ventilatory support, Support, qSOFA, Confidence intervals, Intubated, ventilator, 95%CI, multivariable logistic regression, all-cause mortality, multivariable analysis, participant, lower mortality, multivariable model, NIV, objective, benefit, setting, secondary, initial, Brooklyn, Result, greater, enrolled, required, median, undergo, presenting, Importance, COVID-19 confirmed patient, interquartile ranges, percentage, Relevance, variables, 【제목키워드】 Treatment, COVID-19 patient, ventilatory support, positive pressure ventilation,