Abstract
The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) resulting from a distinctive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to evolve in many countries and pose life-threatening clinical issues to global public health. While the lungs are the primary target for the SARS-CoV-2-mediated pathological consequence, the virus appears to invade the brain and cause unpredicted neurological deficits. In the later stage, COVID-19 can progress to pneumonia, acute respiratory failure, neurodegeneration and multi-organ dysfunctions leading to death. Though a significant portion of individuals with COVID-19 has been recovering from clinical symptoms, the pathological impact of the SARS-CoV-2 infection on the structural and functional properties of the lungs, heart, brain and other organs at the post-recovery state remains unknown. Presently, there is an urgent need for a remedial measure to combat this devastating COVID-19. Botulinum toxins (BoNTs) are potent neurotoxins that can induce paralysis of muscle and acute respiratory arrest in humans. However, a mild dose of the purified form of BoNT has been known to attenuate chronic cough, dyspnoea, pneumonia, acute respiratory failure, abnormal circulation, cardiac defects and various neurological deficits that have been recognised as the prominent clinical symptoms of COVID-19. Considering the fact, this review article provides 1) an overview of the SARS-CoV-2 mediated pathological impact on the lungs, heart and brain, 2) signifies the therapeutic uses of BoNTs against pulmonary failure, cardiac arrest and neurological deficits, and 3) emphasize the rationality for the possible use of BoNT to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and manage COVID-19.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, coronavirus, Botulinum toxin, Botox, 【초록키워드】 coronavirus disease, Respiratory failure, Clinical symptoms, multi-organ dysfunction, Pneumonia, SARS-COV-2 infection, Infection, lung, cough, virus, Brain, outbreak, humans, Lungs, death, Mild, circulation, neurodegeneration, Dyspnoea, Coronavirus-2, dose, pulmonary failure, acute respiratory syndrome, global public health, clinical symptom, life-threatening, therapeutic use, paralysis, neurological deficits, while, Neurological deficit, country, Prevent, resulting, functional, appear, provide, induce, purified, attenuate, individuals with COVID-19, other organ, the SARS-CoV-2, 【제목키워드】 therapeutic, attenuate,