Abstract
The risk of Coronavirus infection continues, and the fear of resurgence indicates the lack of a successful therapeutic strategy. In severe COVID-19 infection, many immune cells and their products are involved, making management difficult. The abundant release of cytokines and chemokines in severe COVID-19 patients leads to profound hyper inflammation and the mobilization of immune cells, triggering the cytokine storm. The complications associated with the cytokine storm include severe respiratory distress, intravascular coagulation, multi-organ failure, and death. The enormous formation of interleukin (IL)-6 and hemopoietic factors such as granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are implicated in the severity of the infection. Moreover, these inflammatory cytokines and factors signal through the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway causing the activation of cytokine-related genes. The neutralization of these proteins could be of therapeutic help in COVID-19 patients and could mitigate the risk of mortality. IL-6 antagonist, IL-6 receptor antagonists, GM-CSF receptor inhibitors, and JAK-STAT inhibitors are being investigated to prevent intense lung injury in COVID-19 patients and increase the chances of survival. The review focuses the role of IL-6, GM-CSF, and JAK-STAT inhibitors in regulating the immune response in severely affected COVID-19 patients.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, Cytokine storm, JAK-STAT inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors, GM-CSF inhibitors, 【초록키워드】 immune response, Mortality, IL-6, GM-CSF, neutralization, severity, Transcription, Infection, risk, cytokine, Lung injury, chemokine, Protein, survival, management, therapeutic, death, pathway, Complication, immune cells, inhibitor, therapeutic strategy, Inflammatory cytokine, COVID-19 patients, Janus kinase, STAT, Immune cell, Jak-STAT, COVID-19 patient, IL-6 receptor antagonists, IL-6 antagonist, Severe COVID-19 Infection, Activation, Factor, help, multi-organ failure, Severe respiratory distress, intravascular coagulation, triggering, Genes, mitigate, Prevent, hyper inflammation, affected, lack, include, involved, investigated, indicate, implicated, receptor inhibitors, severe COVID-19 patient, the cytokine storm, 【제목키워드】 severe COVID-19, inflammatory storm, role,