Abstract
Objectives: Our primary objective was to explore the effect of a eucaloric ketogenic diet (EKD) on mortality, admission to the intensive care unit, and need for non-invasive ventilation in hospitalized patients with COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19), in comparison to a eucaloric standard diet. Secondary objectives were verification of the safety and feasibility of the diet and its effects on inflammatory parameters, particularly interleukin-6.
Methods: The study is a retrospective analysis of 34 patients fed with an EKD in comparison to 68 patients fed with a eucaloric standard diet, selected and matched using propensity scores 1:2 to avoid the confounding effect of interfering variables. Our hypothesis was that an EKD would reduce mortality, admission to the intensive care unit, and need for non-invasive ventilation in patients with COVID-19.
Results: The preliminary multivariate analysis showed a statistically significant difference in survival (P = 0.046) and need for the intensive care unit (P = 0.049) for the EKD compared with a eucaloric standard diet. Even considering the EKD start day as a time-dependent variable, the results maintain a positive trend for application of the diet, and it is not possible to reject the null hypothesis (P < 0.05). Interleukin-6 concentrations between t0 and t7 (7 d after the beginning of the diet) in the ketogenic nutrition group show a trend that is almost significant (P = 0.062). The EKD was safe and no adverse events were observed.
Conclusions: These results show a possible therapeutic role of an EKD in the clinical management of COVID-19. Currently, a prospective controlled randomized trial is running to confirm these preliminary data.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, IL-6, Cytokine storm syndrome, hyperglycemia, aerobic glycolysis, Ketogenic diet, Warburg effect, 【초록키워드】 Mortality, intensive care, feasibility, randomized trial, interleukin-6, survival, therapeutic, adverse event, Patient, Retrospective analysis, Clinical management, non-invasive ventilation, Admission, Hypothesis, Concentration, Analysis, Safe, inflammatory parameters, null hypothesis, statistically significant difference, Preliminary data, positive, confounding effect, Effect, reduce mortality, selected, hospitalized patient, maintain, ketogenic, patients with COVID-19, Secondary objective, variables, 【제목키워드】 Efficacy, Mortality, intensive care, cytokine, clinical, Retrospective analysis, Admission, ketogenic,