Since the 20th century, humans have lived through five pandemics caused by influenza A viruses (IAVs) (H1N1/1918, H2N2/1957, H3N2/1968, and H1N1/2009) and the coronavirus (CoV) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). IAVs and CoVs both have broad host ranges and share multiple hosts. Virus co-circulation and even co-infections facilitate genetic reassortment among IAVs and recombination among CoVs, further altering virus evolution dynamics and generating novel variants with increased cross-species transmission risk. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 may maintain long-term circulation in humans as seasonal IAVs. Co-existence and co-infection of both viruses in humans could alter disease transmission patterns and aggravate disease burden. Herein, we demonstrate how virus-host ecology correlates with the co-existence and co-infection of IAVs and/or CoVs, further affecting virus evolution and disease dynamics and burden, calling for active virus surveillance and countermeasures for future public health challenges.
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, influenza A virus, Co-infection, co-existence, public health challenges, 【초록키워드】 public health, Evolution, Human, Genetic, variant, risk, virus, Surveillance, Recombination, Pandemics, CoV, host range, circulation, disease, disease transmission, Cross-species transmission, acute respiratory syndrome, CoVs, hosts, Alter, IAV, FIVE, caused, facilitate, maintain, affecting, aggravate, both virus, influenza A virus, 【제목키워드】 public health, influenza A virus,