Abstract
This paper is the forty-third consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during 2020 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides and receptors as well as effects of opioid/opiate agonists and antagonists. The review is subdivided into the following specific topics: molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors (1), the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia in animals (2) and humans (3), opioid-sensitive and opioid-insensitive effects of nonopioid analgesics (4), opioid peptide and receptor involvement in tolerance and dependence (5), stress and social status (6), learning and memory (7), eating and drinking (8), drug abuse and alcohol (9), sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (10), mental illness and mood (11), seizures and neurologic disorders (12), electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (13), general activity and locomotion (14), gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (15), cardiovascular responses (16), respiration and thermoregulation (17), and immunological responses (18).
【저자키워드】 nitric oxide, intensive care unit, Testosterone, Endoplasmic reticulum, Dopamine, body mass index, interleukin, Single nucleotide polymorphism, Post-traumatic stress disorder, Gastrointestinal, Potassium, Human immunodeficiency virus, Chemokine receptor, lipopolysaccharide, epidermal growth factor receptor, Transcranial direct current stimulation, Acetylcholine, protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinase, nitric oxide synthase, substantia nigra, ICUIntensive Care Unit, AChAcetylcholine, ILInterleukin, HIVhuman immunodeficiency virus, NONitric Oxide, BMIbody mass index, SNPSingle nucleotide polymorphism, ERendoplasmic reticulum, LPSlipopolysaccharide, MAPKmitogen-activated protein kinase, PTSDpost-traumatic stress disorder, SNSubstantia nigra, DAdopamine, mPFCmedial prefrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, GIGastrointestinal, ACLanterior cruciate ligament, anterior cruciate ligament, ACTHadrenocorticotrophic hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, AMPadenosine monophosphate, adenosine monophosphate, ARCarcuate nucleus of hypothalamus, arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus, ASICacid-sensing ion channel, acid-sensing ion channel, BDNFbrain-derived neurotrophic factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BENDbeta-endorphin, beta-endorphin, BFNAbeta-funaltrexamine, beta-funaltrexamine, BLAbaso-lateral amygdala, baso-lateral amygdala, BNSTbed nucleus of the stria terminalis, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, CBcannabinoid, cannabinoid, CCIchronic constriction injury, chronic constriction injury, CCKcholecystokinin, cholecystokinin, CCRchemokine receptor, CFAcomplete Freund’s adjuvant, complete Freund’s adjuvant, ChATcholine acetyltransferase, choline acetyltransferase, CPPconditioned place preference, conditioned place preference, CREBCa(2+)/cAMP responsive element binding protein, Ca(2+)/cAMP responsive element binding protein, CTAPD-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2, D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2, DALDAD-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2, D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2, DAMGOD-Ala(2), Nme(4), Gly-ol(5)-enkephalin, D-Ala(2), Deltdeltorphin, deltorphin, DORdelta opioid receptor, delta opioid receptor, DRGdorsal root ganglion, dorsal root ganglion, DYNDynorphin, Dynorphin, EGFRepidermal growth factor receptor, Enkencephalin, encephalin, ERKextracellular regulated signal kinases, extracellular regulated signal kinases, GABAgamma-amino butyric acid, gamma-amino butyric acid, GLPglucagon-like peptide, glucagon-like peptide, GRKG protein-coupled receptor kinase, G protein-coupled receptor kinase, GPCRG-protein-coupled receptor, G-protein-coupled receptor, HSPheat shock proteifn, heat shock proteifn, IPSCinhibitory postsynaptic current, inhibitory postsynaptic current, JNKJun-N-terminal kinase, Jun-N-terminal kinase, K(+)potassium, KNDykisspeptin, kisspeptin, KOknockout, knockout, KORkappa opioid receptor, kappa opioid receptor, LClocus coeruleus, locus coeruleus, LHleutinizing hormone, leutinizing hormone, LMANlateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior nidopallium, lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior nidopallium, LTDlong-term depression, long-term depression, MeAmedial nucleus of amygdala, medial nucleus of amygdala, Menkmet-enkephalin, met-enkephalin, MORmu opioid receptor, mu opioid receptor, NBNInor-binaltorphamine, nor-binaltorphamine, NOSnitric oxide synthase, NSAIDnon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, NTInaltrindole, naltrindole, OFCorbito-frontal cortex, orbito-frontal cortex, OPRK1kappa opioid receptor gene, kappa opioid receptor gene, OPRM1mu opioid receptor gene, mu opioid receptor gene, ORL-1orphan receptor like receptor, orphan receptor like receptor, PCApatient controlled analgesia, patient controlled analgesia, PD-1programmed cell death protein-1, programmed cell death protein-1, PFCpre-frontal cortex, pre-frontal cortex, PDYNprodynorphin, prodynorphin, PENKpre-proenkephalin, pre-proenkephalin, PKCprotein kinase C, POFQ/Npro-nociceptin, pro-nociceptin, POMCpro-opiomelanocortin, pro-opiomelanocortin, PRprolonged release, prolonged release, RGSregulators of G-protein signaling, regulators of G-protein signaling, RVMrostral ventromedial medulla, rostral ventromedial medulla, SNLspinal nerve ligation, spinal nerve ligation, TDCStranscranial direct current stimulation, THtyrosine hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, TPtestosterone, VTAventral tegmental area, ventral tegmental area, 【초록키워드】 Tolerance, Stress, Human, peptide, alcohol, memory, Pregnancy, response, Research, Pain, receptor, molecular, Immunological response, Hormones, Seizure, antagonists, mental illness, article, agonist, renal, pharmacological, genetic manipulation, Effect, concerning, hepatic function, neurologic disorder, 【제목키워드】 endogenous,