Abstract
Obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular disease are risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney failure. Chronic, low-grade inflammation is recognized as a major pathogenic mechanism that underlies the association between CKD and obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and diabetes, through interaction between resident and/or circulating immune cells with parenchymal cells. Thus, considerable interest exists in approaches that target inflammation as a strategy to manage CKD. The initial phase of the inflammatory response to injury or metabolic dysfunction reflects the release of pro-inflammatory mediators including peptides, lipids and cytokines, and the recruitment of leukocytes. In self-limiting inflammation, the evolving inflammatory response is coupled to distinct processes that promote the resolution of inflammation and restore homeostasis. The discovery of endogenously generated lipid mediators — specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators and branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids — which promote the resolution of inflammation and attenuate the microvascular and macrovascular complications of obesity and diabetes mellitus highlights novel opportunities for potential therapeutic intervention through the targeting of pro-resolution, rather than anti-inflammatory pathways.
【초록키워드】 Inflammation, Cytokines, Anti-inflammatory, obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, cardiovascular disease, Chronic kidney disease, diabetes, risk factor, hypertension, kidney, cells, insulin resistance, peptides, Complication, recruitment, mechanism, homeostasis, Fatty acid, association, leukocytes, low-grade inflammation, Interaction, Inflammatory response, Lipid, Immune cell, Pathways, Injury, CKD, chronic, therapeutic intervention, pathogenic, circulating, hydroxy, metabolic dysfunction, approach, lipid mediator, highlight, initial, promote, reflect, attenuate, fatty, glucose tolerance, parenchymal, pro-inflammatory mediator, 【제목키워드】 Inflammation, Kidney function, metabolism,