Objectives This study screened for factors affecting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients, appraised vitamin D’s efficacy in preventing COVID-19, and assessed the effects of clinical characteristics, glycemic status, vitamin D, and hydroxychloroquine administration on COVID-19’s progression and severity in T1DM patients. Methods This retrospective research on 150 adults was conducted at Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, KSA. Participants were allocated to three groups (50/group): control, T1DM, and T1DM with COVID-19. Participants’ fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), complete blood count, vitamin D, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, D-dimer, liver and kidney function, and hydroxychloroquine treatment were retrieved and analyzed. Results The percentages of comorbidities and not taking hydroxychloroquine were significantly higher among T1DM patients with COVID-19 than patients with T1DM only. Mean vitamin D level was significantly lower in T1DM with COVID-19 patients than in the other two groups. Vitamin D showed a significant negative correlation with LDH, CRP, ESR, ferritin, and D-dimer, which was the most reliable predictor of COVID-19 severity in T1DM patients. Conclusion Comorbidities and vitamin D deficiency are risk factors for COVID-19 in patients with T1DM. Patients who do not take hydroxychloroquine and have higher FBG and HbA1c levels are vulnerable to COVID-19. Vitamin D may be useful for preventing COVID-19 in T1DM patients. Comorbidities, higher FBG and HbA1c levels, not taking hydroxychloroquine, and vitamin D inadequacy elevate COVID-19 progression and severity in patients with T1DM.
【초록키워드】 COVID-19, coronavirus disease, Efficacy, Hydroxychloroquine, Vitamin D, Clinical characteristics, Kidney function, severity, Diabetes Mellitus, COVID-19 severity, LDH, Comorbidity, C-reactive protein, CRP, D-dimer, ferritin, progression, risk factor, lactate dehydrogenase, complete blood count, Research, Patient, ESR, hemoglobin, incidence, security, liver, patients, Glucose, retrospective, Prothrombin time, COVID-19 progression, deficiency, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Factor, two groups, significant negative correlation, participant, force, hydroxychloroquine administration, hydroxychloroquine treatment, significantly lower, Effect, objective, Result, analyzed, conducted, screened, activated, significantly higher, affecting, three group, COVID-19 in patient, fasting blood, glycemic, patients with COVID-19, percentage, retrieved, with COVID-19, 【제목키워드】 COVID-19, Factor, Type,