Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is an important feline viral disease, causing an overridden inflammatory response that results in a high mortality rate, primarily in young cats. Curcumin is notable for its biological activities against various viral diseases; however, its poor bioavailability has hindered its potential in therapeutic application. In this study, curcumin was encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles to improve its bioavailability. Curcumin-encapsulated chitosan (Cur-CS) nanoparticles were synthesised based on the ionic gelation technique and were spherical and cuboidal in shape, with an average particle size of 330 nm and +42 mV in zeta potential. The nanoparticles exerted lower toxicity in Crandell-Rees feline kidney (CrFK) cells and enhanced antiviral activities with a selective index (SI) value three times higher than that of curcumin. Feline-specific bead-based multiplex immunoassay and qPCR were used to examine their modulatory effects on proinflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α , interleukin- (IL-) 6, and IL-1 β . There were significant decrements in IL-1 β , IL-6, and TNF α expression in both curcumin and Cur-CS nanoparticles. Based on the multiplex immunoassay, curcumin and the Cur-CS nanoparticles could lower the immune-related proteins in FIP virus (FIPV) infection. The single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics profiles of curcumin and the Cur-CS nanoparticles were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Oral delivery of the Cur-CS nanoparticles to cats showed enhanced bioavailability with a maximum plasma concentration ( C max ) value of 621.5 ng/mL. Incorporating chitosan nanoparticles to deliver curcumin improved the oral bioavailability and antiviral effects of curcumin against FIPV infection. This study provides evidence for the potential of Cur-CS nanoparticles as a supplementary treatment of FIP.
【초록키워드】 Treatment, Necrosis, Curcumin, IL-6, Infection, antiviral activity, virus, Antiviral effect, Bioavailability, immunoassay, qPCR, therapeutic, viral disease, oral, multiplex, proinflammatory cytokines, HPLC, expression, TNF, Evidence, Inflammatory response, Multiple-dose, Feline infectious peritonitis, plasma concentration, profile, average, C max, high mortality rate, selective, lower toxicity, biological activity, bead-based multiplex immunoassay, TNF α, IL-1 β, oral bioavailability, Effect, Cell, IMPROVE, provide, were used, notable, Crandell-Rees feline kidney, cuboidal, decrement, immune-related protein, synthesised, 【제목키워드】 pharmacokinetics, nanoparticle, chitosan, peritonitis,