Oxidative stress, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS), are important for innate immunity against pathogens. ROS directly attack pathogens, regulate and amplify immune signals, induce autophagy and activate inflammation. In addition, production of ROS by pathogens affects the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, leading to cell death. However, it is unclear how ROS regulate host defense mechanisms. This review outlines the role of ROS during intracellular pathogen infection, mechanisms of ROS production and regulation of host defense mechanisms by ROS. Finally, the interaction between microbial pathogen-induced ROS and the ER and mitochondria is described.
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【저자키워드】 Mitochondria, Infection, oxidative stress, pathogen, ROS, Bacteria, ER stress, 【초록키워드】 Inflammation, Stress, Innate immunity, autophagy, immune, Endoplasmic reticulum, Pathogens, mechanisms, cell death, mechanism, Interaction, regulate, microbial, Regulation, ROS production, Defense, Host, Affect, described, addition, amplify, induce, activate, reactive oxygen specy, 【제목키워드】 Intracellular, Effect, Specy, Reticulum,
【저자키워드】 Mitochondria, Infection, oxidative stress, pathogen, ROS, Bacteria, ER stress, 【초록키워드】 Inflammation, Stress, Innate immunity, autophagy, immune, Endoplasmic reticulum, Pathogens, mechanisms, cell death, mechanism, Interaction, regulate, microbial, Regulation, ROS production, Defense, Host, Affect, described, addition, amplify, induce, activate, reactive oxygen specy, 【제목키워드】 Intracellular, Effect, Specy, Reticulum,