Background There are limited number of studies with controversial findings regarding the association between anemia at admission and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. Therefore, in this research, we aimed to investigate the prospective association between anemia and COVID-19 outcomes in hospitalized patients in Iran. Methods In this prospective study, the data of 1274 consecutive patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 were statistically analyzed. All biomarkers, including hemoglobin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were measured using standard methods. Anemia was defined as a hemoglobin (Hb) concentration of less than 13 g/dL and 12 g/dL in males and females, respectively. Assessing the association between anemia and COVID-19 survival in hospitalized patients was our primary endpoint. Results The mean age of the participants was 64.43 ± 17.16 years, out of whom 615 (48.27%) were anemic subjects. Patients with anemia were significantly older ( P = 0.02) and had a higher frequency of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, kidney disease, diabetes, and cancer ( P < 0.05). The frequency of death (anemic: 23.9% vs. nonanemic: 13.8%), ICU admission (anemic: 27.8% vs. nonanemic:14.71%), and ventilator requirement (anemic: 35.93% vs. nonanemic: 20.63%) were significantly higher in anemic patients than in nonanemic patients ( P < 0.001). According to the results of regression analysis, after adjusting for significant covariate in the univariable model, anemia was independently associated with mortality (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.57, P = 0.01), ventilator requirement (OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.54, P = 0.004), and the risk of ICU admission (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.46, 2.90, P < 0.001). Conclusion The prevalence of anemia in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 was high and was associated with poor outcomes of COVID-19.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, Anemia, Mortality, ICU admission, Ventilator requirement, 【초록키워드】 coronavirus disease, Biomarkers, Hospitalized, Cancer, Prospective Study, risk, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, outcome, hypertension, Prevalence, outcomes, Iran, survival, male, Research, Patient, death, Kidney disease, age, hemoglobin, Admission, association, Frequency, Concentration, primary endpoint, regression analysis, High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, Older, ventilator, anemic, participant, covariate, females, Result, defined, analyzed, significantly, less, subjects, hospitalized patient, significantly higher, were measured, statistically, anemic patient, Assessing, consecutive patient, univariable, with COVID-19, 【제목키워드】 Hospitalized, Prospective Study, outcome, Iran, predict,