Formulation of a potential antipregnancy vaccine based on the beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG). III. Evaluation of various vehicles and adjuvants

Rabbits were used to test the efficacy of several materials as supplementary adjuvants when administered as part of a vaccine formulation consisting of the beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin linked to tetanus toxoid (beta-hCG-TT) and adsorbed on Al(OH)3. In the amounts used, Corynebacterium parvum, levamisole, thymic factor, and N,N-dioctadecyl-N’,N’-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)propanediamine exhibited little adjuvant activity although the latter material elicited marginal increments when incorporated in liposomes. A Salmonella lipopolysaccharide preparation (SPLPS) and a streptococcal preparation (OK-432) each gave approximately 7-fold increments in titer. The SPLPS preparation was pyrogenic at the doses used. OK-432 was nonpyrogenic and did not cause other evident undesirable effects. It may therefore prove to be a useful adjuvant. It gave a nearly flat dose response curve over the range of 0.5 to 4.0 mg per rabbit. Incorporation of beta-hCG-TT on Al(OH)3 in a water-in-oil emulsion caused a moderate increase in titers. Incorporation into liposomes or an oil-in-water emulsion was not effective.