The current COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). A better understanding of its immunogenicity can be important for the development of improved diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. Here, we report the longitudinal analysis of three COVID-19 patients with moderate (#1) and mild disease (#2 and #3). Antibody serum responses were analyzed using spike glycoprotein enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), full-proteome peptide, and glycan microarrays. ELISA immunoglobulin A, G, and M (IgA, IgG, and IgM) signals increased over time for individuals #1 and #2, whereas #3 only showed no clear positive IgG and IgM result. In contrast, peptide microarrays showed increasing IgA/G signal intensity and epitope spread only in the moderate patient #1 over time, whereas early but transient IgA and stable IgG responses were observed in the two mild cases #2 and #3. Glycan arrays showed an interaction of antibodies to fragments of high-mannose and core N -glycans, present on the viral shield. In contrast to protein ELISA, microarrays allow for a deeper understanding of IgA, IgG, and IgM antibody responses to specific epitopes of the whole proteome and glycans of SARS-CoV-2 in parallel. In the future, this may help to better understand and to monitor vaccination programs and monoclonal antibodies as therapeutics.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, full proteome, peptide microarrays, glycan microarrays, 【초록키워드】 IgG, IgM, vaccination, Vaccines, antibody, COVID-19 pandemic, monoclonal antibody, spike glycoprotein, peptide, Microarrays, diagnostics, ELISA, Spread, Protein, serum, IgA, response, Patient, Microarray, Mild, proteome, immunoglobulin A, epitope, disease, moderate, glycan, longitudinal analysis, Coronavirus-2, Interaction, COVID-19 patient, IgG and IgM, IgG response, intensity, acute respiratory syndrome, enzyme, IgM antibody, individual, help, peptide microarray, positive, MONITOR, analyzed, caused, immunosorbent, high-mannose, mild case, 【제목키워드】 ELISA, response, development, longitudinal, glycan, Sery,