Various genotypes of Mycobacterium leprae from Mexico reveal distinct geographic distribution

[[[ Objective: ]]] To classify Mycobacterium leprae isolates from multiple areas in Mexico based on variable number of tandem repeats of 6 base within the rpoT gene and three single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and to analyse their geographic distribution in the context of the origin of leprosy in Mexico. [[[ Results: ]]] Analysis for rpoT genotyping of 64 samples collected in the west and southwestern areas revealed that 46 isolates were of the 4 copy type and 18 isolates were of the 3 copy type. All samples from the eastern coastal area (n = 24) and from the Yucatan peninsula (n = 12) were of the 3 copy type. Six isolates from the west and southwestern area were SNP-type 1, 13 isolates were SNP-type 2 and 45 isolates were SNP-type 3. Nineteen of 24 isolates from the eastern coastal area were SNP-type 3 and one was SNP-type 4. Seven isolates from the Yucatan peninsula were SNP-type 3 and one was SNP-type 4. [[[ Conclusion: ]]] The difference of the proportion of each genotype between the western areas and the eastern areas indicated the expansion of leprosy through different paths in Mexico.