Objective To investigate the prevalence of insomnia and its different phenotypes as well as their association with fear of COVID-19 in the general population. Material and Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted using an online survey (e-poll). All available participants who completed the online survey form were included in the current study. All individuals with a history of sleep problems were excluded. A questionnaire package consisted of insomnia severity index (ISI), and FCV-19 for corona fear was administered for all participants. Insomnia was defined as ISI≥8. Insomnia phenotypes were considered as: (a) DIS: difficulty initiating sleep; (b) DMS: difficulty maintaining sleep; (c) EMA: early morning awakening; and (d) combined insomnia. Results A total of 1,223 participants [827 (67.6%) female, mean age=39.82±10.75 years old], enrolled in the current survey. Based on ISI, 675 (55.2% [95%CI=52.40-57.98]) were categorized into the insomnia group. Insomnia was more prevalent in females (p=0.006), participants with 50 years old or higher (p=0.04), or high fear of COVID-19 (p<0.0001). Totally, 67.4%, 66.4%, and 55% of all participants had DIS, DMS, and EMA, respectively, in the current outbreak. Besides, 79% had impaired daily functioning, 51.6% had impaired quality of life, and 62% were worried about their sleep problem. Notably that a considerable percentage of individuals with normal ISI scores had at least one insomnia phenotype or impaired daily functioning and quality of life. Further analyses revealed a significant increasing trend in all four insomnia phenotypes prevalence with an increase in fear of COVID-19 (all p-values<0.0001). Conclusion Individuals with higher age, female gender, or higher fear of COVID-19 are at higher risk of all types of insomnia as well as impaired daytime performance or quality of life.
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, Coronavirus infections, Sleep, fear, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, cross-sectional, severity, Prevalence, outbreak, female, phenotype, age, Quality of life, Insomnia, General population, questionnaire, association, EMA, Analysis, Participants, higher risk, individual, female gender, participant, problem, Administered, ISI, objective, prevalent, Result, enrolled, defined, conducted, increase in, Material and Method, were excluded, 【제목키워드】 COVID-19, Symptom, Iran, Insomnia, General population, cluster analysis,