Positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses comprise many (re-)emerging human pathogens that pose a public health problem. Our innate immune system and, in particular, the interferon response form the important first line of defence against these viruses. Given their genetic flexibility, these viruses have therefore developed multiple strategies to evade the innate immune response in order to optimize their replication capacity. Already many molecular mechanisms of innate immune evasion by +ssRNA viruses have been identified. However, research addressing the effect of host innate immune evasion on the pathology caused by viral infections is less prevalent in the literature, though very relevant and interesting. Since interferons have been implicated in inflammatory diseases and immunopathology in addition to their protective role in infection, antagonizing the immune response may have an ambiguous effect on the clinical outcome of the viral disease. Therefore, this review discusses what is currently known about the role of interferons and host immune evasion in the pathogenesis of emerging coronaviruses, alphaviruses and flaviviruses.
【저자키워드】 viral pathogenesis, type I and III interferons, positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, innate immune evasion, 【초록키워드】 viruses, public health, pathology, viral infection, Coronaviruses, immune response, Pathogenesis, innate immune response, Genetic, Infection, interferon, immunopathology, molecular mechanism, RNA, Clinical outcome, innate immune system, immune evasion, Research, viral disease, innate immune, protective role, human pathogen, inflammatory disease, Host, prevalent, single-stranded, caused, virus, addition, less, evade, the interferon, implicated, replication capacity, alphavirus, 【제목키워드】 RNA, Innate,