The ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) signals an urgent need for an expansion in treatment options. In this study, we investigated the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities of 22 antiviral agents with known broad-spectrum antiviral activities against coronaviruses and/or other viruses. They were first evaluated in our primary screening in VeroE6 cells and then the most potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 antiviral agents were further evaluated using viral antigen expression, viral load reduction, and plaque reduction assays. In addition to remdesivir, lopinavir, and chloroquine, our primary screening additionally identified types I and II recombinant interferons, 25-hydroxycholesterol, and AM580 as the most potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents among the 22 antiviral agents. Betaferon (interferon-β1b) exhibited the most potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in viral antigen expression, viral load reduction, and plaque reduction assays among the recombinant interferons. The lipogenesis modulators 25-hydroxycholesterol and AM580 exhibited EC 50 at low micromolar levels and selectivity indices of >10.0. Combinational use of these host-based antiviral agents with virus-based antivirals to target different processes of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle should be evaluated in animal models and/or clinical trials.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, Treatment, coronavirus, interferon, 25-Hydroxycholesterol, AM580, 【초록키워드】 viruses, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, pandemic, Chloroquine, Antiviral, interferons, Remdesivir, clinical trials, animal model, antiviral activity, anti-SARS-CoV-2, Replication, Antiviral agents, antiviral agent, expression, Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity, Plaque reduction assay, Viral antigen, acute respiratory syndrome, antigen expression, viral load reduction, caused, addition, investigated, evaluated, plaque reduction assays, exhibited, in viral, the SARS-CoV-2, VeroE6 cell, 【제목키워드】 option, targeting, Potential, Lipogenesis,